Core tips: excavator is the main construction machinery in the earth and stone construction, I use the Shandong excavator, excavator, if the excavator is not in time maintenance, there may be a variety of failures. According to my own practical experience, the following analysis of the common fault of the excavator is made, only for the reference.
The excavator is the main construction machinery in the earthwork project. I use the Shandong excavator. If the excavator is not maintained in time, there may be a variety of faults. According to my own practical experience, the following analysis is made to the common faults of the excavator, for reference only.
1 excavator cannot start or start difficult
1.1 electrical system failure
1.1.1 battery capacity is insufficient. In this case, the battery should be charged in time, the level of the battery should be checked, and the electrolyte should be supplied to the required height in time. If it is found that the battery is aging and charging is bad, it is necessary to replace the battery and pay attention to the daily maintenance of the battery.
1.1.2 startup machine fails to repair or replace the starting machine.
The 1.1.3 generator fails to repair or replace the generator.
1.1.4 line fault check line and repair.
1.2 engine oil road fault
1.2.1 low pressure oil Road gas resistance
Under the suction action of the oil pump or fuel injection pump, the fuel is sent from the tank through the low pressure oil line to the high-pressure pump. If the low pressure oil road is closed, or the oil surface in the tank is too low, and the vehicle is inclined to stop and drive, the air will take the opportunity to enter the oil road. If the temperature is high and the fuel is evaporated, the gas resistance will be formed in the low pressure oil way, causing the engine to work unstable, automatic extinguishing or the engine can't start.
1.2.2 oil road blockage
The main parts of the blockage are mainly oil suction pipe, filter screen, diesel filter, fuel tank cover and blowhole. The main problem causing the blockage of the oil way is the injection of diesel that is not up to standard, or the mixing of impurities into the process of refueling. The key of prevention is to ensure the cleaning of diesel oil and oil road seal, keep regular maintenance on the oil road, strengthen the cleaning and maintenance of the diesel filter, clean or replace the filter core in time, clean the tank in time according to the operating environment conditions, thoroughly remove the oil sludge and water at the bottom of the tank.
Failure of 1.2.3 injection pump
The wear of the plunger and the oil outlet valve of the fuel injection pump is serious, which makes it difficult to start the engine. In this case, the plunger and the oil valve should be replaced in time.
2 excavator working powerless
2.1 the power of the engine is sufficient and running normally, and the speed of the excavator is slow.
The hydraulic pump of 2.1.1 excavator is mostly variable plunger pump. After working for a certain time, the internal parts of the pump are inevitably worn out, causing internal leakage, and the parameters of the parameters are not coordinated, resulting in insufficient flow, high oil temperature, slow speed, and no high pressure, so the action is slow and slow. For this kind of problem, it is necessary to unload the hydraulic pump for data measurement, to confirm the problem, to replace the spare parts that can not be used, or to repair the accessories that can continue to be used, and to reassemble the test bench after the reassembly, and match the parameters of the circuit (pressure, flow, power and variable, etc.).
2.1.2 an important hydraulic element on the excavator - multi-channel distribution valve, which has a main safety valve, a two valve, an overflow valve, an oil filling valve and so on. If the pressure set by these valves does not reach the standard pressure, they will be unable to excavate. In addition, if the gap between the valve stem and the valve hole is too large, the back of the stem is not complete and the reversing is not in place, a large number of internal leaks lead to insufficient flow and slow speed. This kind of problem should be removed from the multi-channel distribution valve, sent to the test bench for debugging, resetting the pressure of all the valves to the standard pressure, and eliminating the gap between the valve stem and the valve hole.
The hydraulic pump on the 2.1.3 imported excavator is equipped with a pilot gear pump, which is mainly involved in the variable of the hydraulic pump and reversing the valve stem of the multi-channel distribution valve as the pilot oil. If the gear pump is too worn to set up a certain pressure or the setting of the safety valve on the gear pump can not reach a certain pressure, the hydraulic pump will always be in a low flow state, and the stem can not be completely changed, resulting in insufficient flow, slow movement, insufficient pressure and weak excavation. For this kind of problem, it is necessary to change the pilot gear pump or reset the pilot safety valve.
2.2 everything is normal when the refrigerator is cold, and the movement is slow and the excavation is weak. Such problems indicate that the internal parts of the hydraulic pump are seriously worn out, and the wearing parts in the pump must be replaced and reassembled and up and calibrated. Another main reason for the slow and weak phenomenon of the excavator is the deterioration of hydraulic oil. Therefore, we should pay attention to monitoring hydraulic oil oil (viscosity, fluidity and without suspension, etc.) and replace the specified hydraulic oil on time, so that this kind of fault can be avoided to a great extent.
3 excavator walking deviation
3.1 hydraulic pump has trouble
In general, the excavator is a double pump, and the walking deviation is often a failure of a pump. The simplest way to judge is to make the two high-pressure pumps of the hydraulic pump out of the oil pipe. If the original slow and slow, it proves that there is a failure of the pump. Troubleshooting: remove the hydraulic pump, replace damaged parts, and then debug on the test bench.
3.2 walking motor safety valve oil leakage
The leakage of the safety valve will cause the pressure inside the system to be too low, so that the running speed of the motor is not enough. The elimination method is to replace the damaged walking motor safety valve; when judging, the left and right walking motors can be exchanged safely to see whether the reverse walking is deflected.
3.3 excavate the machine to one side
If the spring in the main valve becomes soft or broken, or the valve core is jammed, it may cause the oil pressure to decrease and run away. The pressure of the main valve oil path should be measured when checking, and the normal value is 32.5mpa. If the main valve is damaged, it must be replaced or repaired.
Through the above analysis, we can see that 80% of the excavator failures are caused by not timely maintenance or improper operation. Therefore, the maintenance work of the excavator should be done well, at the same time, the technical level of the manipulator should be improved, the occurrence of the failure should be reduced, and the construction of the project should be ensured smoothly.
