Loader is a kind of self-propelled earth and stone loading and unloading machinery widely used in construction projects such as highways, railways, construction, hydropower, ports, mines, etc. It is mainly used for shoveling bulk materials such as soil, sand, lime, and coal. Lightly excavate ore and hard soil.
Next, it is the use skills of the loader in the six operating environments. As long as you are proficient, you can ensure the efficient completion of the tasks.
Operating environment 1: shoveling and digging
When loading soil or gravel, in order to prevent the tire from cutting due to tire skidding, pay attention to the following points:
1) Keep the work site flat and remove falling rocks.
2) When loading loose materials, operate in gear 1 or 2; when loading materials with larger specific gravity, operate in gear 1.
3) Drive and lower the bucket, stop the bucket 30cm above the ground, and then slowly drop it; if the bucket hits the ground, the front wheel will lift off the ground, causing the tire to slip, which will reduce the service life of the tire.
4) Shift gears before approaching the material, step on the accelerator pedal after shifting, and insert the bucket into the material.
5) If the shovel is loose material, level the shovel; if the shovel is gravel, turn the bucket slightly; do not have gravel under the bucket to avoid causing the front wheels to leave the ground and slip; try to keep the load at The center of the bucket, if the load is on one side of the bucket, will lose its balance.
6) While inserting the bucket into the material, raise the boom to prevent the bucket from being inserted too deeply; when raising the boom, the front wheels will generate sufficient traction.
7) Check whether enough materials have been shoveled, operate the control lever and retract the bucket to fill the bucket.
8) If too much material is loaded, quickly close and tip the bucket to shake off the excess load, so as to avoid the material being scattered during transportation.
9) When shoveling and loading on flat ground, make the blade slightly downward and drive the loader; pay attention to avoid the load tilting to the side of the bucket, causing imbalance, this operation should be carried out in the first gear.
Put the blade slightly downward;
Front-drive loader, and the front push arm joystick, when digging the soil, cut into a thin layer each time;
Gently manipulate the boom lever up and down to reduce the resistance of the loader when driving forward;
When using a bucket for shovel control operations, avoid applying the shoveling force on one side of the bucket.
Operating environment 2: level ground operation
When working on level ground, the loader should drive in reverse gear. If you must work on level ground with forward gear, the bucket retraction angle should be greater than 20°.
1) Shovel the soil into the bucket, and drive the loader in reverse gear to make the soil evenly scattered from the bucket.
2) Bucket teeth stick to the ground and use the rear traction to spread the soil evenly.
3) The bucket shovels the soil again, the boom floats, the bucket is placed on the ground, and the loader is moved back to level the ground.
Operating environment 3: loading and carrying operations
1) When carrying, drop the bucket to lower the transportation center of gravity.
2) The loading and carrying method of the wheel loader includes the following cyclic process: shovel loading-transportation-loading (into dump truck, furnace mouth, etc.).
4) Good maintenance of transportation routes.
5) The efficiency of transferring materials within 100m is higher, and the speed of the vehicle should be determined according to the road surface; during the transportation, it is prohibited to lift the boom with load, especially when the site is uneven.
Operating environment 4-5: loading operation
Keep the working site flat during loading operations, avoid sharp turns or brakes during heavy-load transportation, and when high-speed driving is prohibited, insert the bucket into the inclined pile or gravel pile. Choosing an appropriate method of operation can minimize the number of turns and strokes, and improve work efficiency.
1) Right angle loading
The front of the loader is aligned with the material pile, the material is shoveled, and the dump truck is driven in a straight reverse gear, and then the dump truck is driven between the loader and the material pile.
This method requires short loading time and effectively shortens the working cycle time.
2) V-shaped loading
Park the dump truck in place so that the angle between the loader and the dump truck and the dump truck and the dump is at a 60° angle. After the bucket is filled, the loader moves in reverse gear and steers so that its front faces the dump truck and the loader. Go ahead and load materials into the dump truck.
This loading method has a small turning angle and high work efficiency.
When the bucket is full or lifted to the maximum height, first vibrate the bucket to stabilize the load.
Note: When stacking, take care to avoid the rear counterweight from contacting the ground.
Operating environment six: unloading operation
After the loader approaches the unloading site, raise the shovel to the required height, push the bucket control lever forward to make the shovel tilt forward and unload; for loading operations, lift the shovel at a certain distance from the truck box Bucket to discharge height, slowly approach the truck box to discharge.
When unloading, attention should be paid to the movement to reduce the impact of the material on the vehicle; when the material sticks to the bucket wall, the bucket control lever can be operated back and forth to shake the bucket to unload the material.
