Hydraulic equipment generally has a relatively high failure rate in the initial stage of use due to reasons such as design, manufacturing, transportation, installation, and debugging. With the extension of operating time and the continuous elimination of failures, the series of failures will gradually decrease. At the later stage of equipment use, failures gradually increase due to wear, corrosion, and aging fatigue during long-term use. Only in the middle of use, equipment failures tend to be random and stable, that is, the effective working life of the equipment. However, if it is used improperly or the potential fault is not diagnosed and eliminated in time, the sudden and serious fault cannot be ruled out even in the effective life. Therefore, careful study and summary of equipment failures and diagnostic techniques are the prerequisites for correct and timely troubleshooting.
1. What maintenance should be done after working in cold and dusty areas
1. The maintenance measures for hydraulic excavators after operating in cold areas should not only carry out normal routine maintenance operations, but also pay special attention to the following two points:
(1) Prevent the walking parts from freezing. After the work is completed, clean the mud on the car body with water, and park the machine on concrete or wooden boards or on a firm and dry ground.
(2) Anti-freezing of the phantom piston rod. After the operation is over, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder should be retracted to the maximum. If the piston rod is exposed to the outside, the surface of the rod will freeze due to condensation of moisture in the air, or the adhered soil will freeze, causing damage to the end cover seal.
2. The maintenance measures for hydraulic excavators after operating in dusty sites are as follows:
(1) Clean the air filter after the operation;
(2) Clean the dust accumulated on the heating device and oil cooler;
(3) Check the oil frequently, and use the hydraulic oil filter to process the oil regularly. Prevent dust from mixing into working oil and fuel;
(4) Wash the car in time after the operation, and don't let the attached dust become dirt and accumulate.
Second, what should be paid attention to in special occasions for hydraulic excavators
1. When the excavator is working at the seaside
Some excavators work by the sea, and some work in the sea.
In this case, after the excavator is finished, be sure to rinse the parts of the excavator that have been in contact with salt water with clean water, and pay more attention to whether the electrical parts are corroded. After the cleaning is completed, conditionally use oil to protect the exposed metal, and then lubricate the various working devices and components of the excavator, and check whether the components are loose or damaged. If found, they must be dealt with in time. If you do not pay attention to the maintenance work of the excavator working at the seaside, it may cause the metal of the excavator to rust, which will greatly affect the working state of the excavator.
2. When the excavator is working in the field
There are many excavators working in the field, and there is a lot of dust on the construction site. In this case, the air filter of the excavator should be replaced earlier than under normal conditions to ensure the normal operation of the engine. When there is more dust, the radiator of the excavator will easily accumulate dust and affect the heat dissipation effect. So clean the radiator of the excavator with clean water. The reason for replacing the diesel filter earlier is the same as above. Pay attention to cleaning the starter and generator rectifier.
Excavators are also working in many mines. There are many mountains and rocks. At this time, pay attention to the chassis and four wheels of the excavator to see if there is any looseness or damage.
Check the tension of the track, it is better than the tension when it is on flat ground. Working on mountainous terrain, the working device of the excavator will be damaged more quickly. Pay attention to the use of reinforced working device of the excavator and replace it in time.
3. When the excavator is working in a cold zone
Excavators are also used in winter construction in northern China. At this time, pay attention to the following issues. First, use high-quality cold-resistant fuel oil. Pay attention to the oil label, preferably minus 10 or minus 20 oil.
Then, add antifreeze to the cooling water used by the excavator, otherwise it will freeze the water tank. Third, the battery should be charged and discharged more often to prevent the electrolyte from freezing. Finally, the mud on the chassis of the excavator must be removed to prevent the excavator from being frozen on the mud.
