Due to the influence of materials, technology, aging of parts and human factors, the loader will inevitably have various failures in use. However, if the causes of various failures can be correctly analyzed, effective and targeted preventive measures can be taken to minimize the damage speed of mechanical components, which can effectively prevent mechanical failures and extend the service life of the loader.
1. Guarantee normal workload
The size and nature of the load of the loader have an important impact on the mechanical loss process. In general, the wear of components increases proportionally with increasing load. When a part is subjected to a load higher than the average design load, its wear will increase. In addition, when the other conditions are the same, the stable load has less wear and tear, less failures, and lower life than the dynamic load. Tests have shown that when the engine is operated under unstable loads and compared to work under stable loads, the wear on the cylinders will increase twice. Engines running under normal load have a lower failure rate and longer life. In contrast, in overloaded engines, the failure rate is significantly increased and the expected life is reduced compared to the design specifications. Generally, the amount of mechanical wear in a wide range of load changes is greater than the mechanical wear of continuously stable machines. Generally, the engine used in the generator has a longer life than the engine used in the bulldozer, loader, etc.
Normal workload is mainly guaranteed by the operator using construction machinery. First, be careful not to exceed the maximum load that the machine can bear, and use the machine as much as possible. As the construction machinery management personnel, when designating the operator, the operator should be provided with random data and operation manuals of the construction machinery in order to normally grasp the mechanical performance and operation procedures, and the relevant data shall not be deducted at will. Secondly, we should try our best to ensure the uniform addition and subtraction of the mechanical load, so that the machine is in a relatively gentle load change. In particular, there is a need to more uniformly increase and decrease the throttle valve to prevent fluctuations in the engine and working equipment.
2. Ensure proper lubrication of the machine
Wear of the working surface of the parts, corrosion of the surface of the parts and aging of the materials are the three main types of mechanical parts under normal conditions of use, as well as the failure caused by the wear of the surface of the workpiece. The proportion is the largest. In other words, mechanical wear is one of the main reasons why various components reach the limit technical state. Then, solve the wear problem of mechanical parts. In addition to the use of high-quality materials, the selection of advanced manufacturing processes and the design of reasonable mechanical structures, an important task to be completed during use is to ensure proper lubrication of the machine. According to statistics, more than half of construction machinery failures are caused by poor lubrication. Due to the accuracy of various components of construction machinery, good lubrication can maintain a normal working gap and an appropriate working temperature, thereby reducing wear of parts and reducing mechanical failures. Normal and reasonable lubrication is one of the effective measures to reduce mechanical failure. To this end, we must first use lubricants reasonably. According to the machine type and application structure, the normal lubricant category should be selected. According to the requirements of the machine, select the appropriate quality group, and select the appropriate quality level according to the requirements of the machine. Select the appropriate lubricant grade for the mechanical working environment and different seasons. In use, neither low-grade lubricants nor other types of lubricants should be used, and inferior 名媛直播 should not be used. The second is to constantly check the quantity and quality of lubricants. The insufficient quantity should be added in time and the quality should be replaced in time. In different emergencies, use different types and grades of lubricant substitutes. Then, the lubrication system must be cleaned and the normal lubricant must be replaced in time.
3. Minimize the impact of harmful factors
(1) Reduce the influence of mechanical impurities
Mechanical impurities usually refer to non-metallic substances such as dust and soil, as well as some metal shavings and wear 名媛直播 generated by the construction machinery itself during use. Once these impurities enter the machine and reach the mating surface of the machine, the danger is great. It will not only cause relative motion blockage, accelerate the wear of parts, but also scratch the mating surface, damage the lubricating film, and increase the temperature of the parts. High lubricant deterioration. It is determined that when the mechanical impurities in the lubrication increase to 0.15%, the wear rate of the first piston ring of the engine will be 2.5 times greater than the normal value; when the rolling shaft enters the impurity particles, the life will be reduced by 80% -90%. Therefore, for construction machinery working in harsh environments and complex conditions, high-quality, matching components and lubricants, grease must be used to block the source of harmful impurities; second, mechanical protection work on the site. Ensure that the corresponding mechanism can work normally and prevent various impurities from entering the machine. For a defective loader, please try to repair it at a regular loader repair company. When performing on-site maintenance, protective measures should also be taken to prevent the parts replaced during on-site maintenance from being contaminated by dust and other impurities before entering the machine.
(2) Reduce the influence of temperature
In operation, the temperature of each component has its own normal range. For example, the temperature of the cooling water is generally 80-90 ° C, and the temperature of the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic transmission system is 30-60 ° C. Below or above this range will accelerate the wear of parts, resulting in the deterioration of lubricating oil, resulting in changes in material properties, etc. Tests have shown that the main transmission gears and bearings of various construction machinery run in -5 ° C lubricating oil compared with 3 ° C lubricating oil, and the wear increases by 10-12 times. However, when the temperature is too high, the deterioration of the lubricating oil is accelerated. If the oil temperature exceeds 55-60 ° C, each time the oil temperature increases by 5 ° C, the oxidation rate of the oil will double. For this reason, in the process of using construction machinery, low-temperature overload operation must be prevented to ensure normal operation in the low-speed warm-up phase, and then start or work after the machine reaches the specified temperature. Don't ignore this problem, because there was no problem at that time. Important role; second, in order to prevent the machine from running at high temperature, the value of various thermometers should be checked frequently during mechanical operation. If problems are found, the inspection should be stopped immediately and the faults should be eliminated in time. For reasons that cannot be found temporarily, they cannot be processed without any treatment. In normal work, pay attention to check the working status of the cooling system. For water-cooled machinery, it must be checked before daily work to add cooling water. For air-cooled machinery, the dust on the air-cooled system should be cleaned regularly to ensure air circulation.
(3) Reduce various corrosion effects
The phenomenon that the metal surface is affected by the chemical or electrochemical influence of the surrounding medium and is destroyed is called corrosion. This corrosion effect not only affects the normal operation of the mechanical appearance equipment, but also corrodes the components inside the machine. For example, rainwater and chemical substances in the air enter the machine through the external channels and gaps of the mechanical parts, corrode the interior of the mechanical parts, accelerate mechanical wear, and increase mechanical failures. Because this corrosive effect is sometimes invisible and invisible, it is easily overlooked, so it is more harmful. In use, managers and operators should take effective measures based on the local weather conditions and air pollution at that time to reduce the impact of chemical corrosion on machinery, with the focus on preventing chemical components from invading rainwater and air.
4. Take correct technical measures and organizational management measures
With the development of materials science and design and manufacturing technology, construction machinery has adopted many new technologies, new materials and new structures, requiring technical support and management of machinery to be more scientific and perfect. For this reason, as organization managers and operators of construction machinery, care must be taken to ensure that the machinery is damaged, deformed, corroded, etc. during transportation and storage. Secondly, it is necessary to strictly control the daily maintenance of machinery, so that the machinery is in good technical condition. The third is to educate operators to use and operate various construction machines correctly to reduce and prevent mechanical failures caused by human error. Fourth, we must carefully maintain the machine to be correct, regularly maintain regular and irregular, keep the machine clean, regularly check the technical status of the machine, find abnormal handling in time, tighten and adjust loose and misaligned parts in time. Preventive replacement of certain consumables, etc.
5, timely maintenance
The machine will inevitably have various failures during use. Among these faults, some faults may have very little impact on mechanical equipment, some of them are more serious, and even cause serious accidents. Experience has shown that serious mechanical failures are usually caused by smaller failures. The reason is to ignore the timely handling of failures. Therefore, for mechanical failure, whenever possible, the size should be eliminated in time to maintain the normal performance of the machine and reduce the possibility of causing more failures. In a sense, timely handling of failures is an effective measure to reduce and prevent failures. The so-called timely treatment refers to the regular maintenance and repair of the machine in accordance with the maintenance and repair procedures. Each group must be maintained and repaired as required. The existing maintenance and repair specifications are a summary of years of practical experience, scientific and reasonable. In the absence of major technological advancements and innovations, these procedures have absolute guiding significance for the maintenance and repair of construction machinery. Sexual behavior must be followed. Second, in the process of use, it is necessary to strengthen regular and irregular inspections of construction machinery, timely understand the operation of machinery, and deal with temporary failures in a timely manner. Do not delay maintenance time due to small faults, nor will it affect use. Fall into greater failure.
