In hot summer, construction machinery and equipment are more likely to cause hidden dangers. Therefore, the maintenance in summer is of great significance to the safe use of construction machinery in high temperature environment and to prolong the service life of the whole machine.
The following points are the possible faults and emergency treatment schemes of construction machinery under high temperature environment, as well as how to do a good job in daily maintenance of construction machinery in summer.
Faults in high temperature environment
1. Hydraulic system fault
In high temperature environment, the hydraulic system will often have pipe explosion, joint oil leakage, solenoid valve coil burning, hydraulic valve stuck, high noise and other faults; For the system using accumulator, the accumulator may be damaged due to high hydraulic oil temperature;
The circuit aged in summer is more likely to cause skin cracking due to thermal expansion and cold contraction of metal, resulting in short circuit fault; The electrical components in the control cabinet are also prone to failure in the high temperature season, and the industrial control computer, PLC and other key control components may also have failures such as crash, slow running speed and control failure.
2. Lubrication system fault
Long time operation of construction machinery under high temperature will lead to poor performance of lubrication system, easy deterioration of oil, easy wear of chassis and other transmission systems, and will also affect the appearance paint layer, braking system, clutch, throttle control system and metal structure.
3. Engine fault
Under high temperature conditions, it is easy to cause the engine to "boil", reduce the viscosity of the engine oil, cause cylinder pulling, Bush burning and other faults, and reduce the output power of the engine.
The continuous high temperature has strict requirements on the permeability of the radiator, requiring the continuous high load operation of the cooling system, which reduces the service life of the cooling system fan, water pump and other parts. The air conditioning compressor and fan that are used very frequently are also prone to failure.
4. Other component failure
In summer, the temperature is high and the humidity is high. If the vent hole of the battery is blocked, it will explode due to the increase of internal pressure; When the tire works in high temperature environment, not only the wear of the tire will be aggravated, but also the tire burst will be caused by the increase of internal pressure;
The transmission belt will become longer in summer, which will lead to transmission slipping and accelerated wear. Failure to adjust in time will lead to belt breakage and other faults; The small crack on the cab glass may expand or even burst in summer due to the large internal and external temperature difference or splashing.
On site emergency treatment plan for high temperature fault
1. Emergency treatment plan for engine
"Boiling" is one of the most common faults of construction machinery due to high temperature. When the water temperature is too high, do not hurry to open the water radiator cap for heat dissipation, and replenish water after natural cooling.
When it is found that the engine is "boiling", the operation shall be stopped immediately, and the engine shall be idled for several minutes. When the water temperature drops and no longer boils, the water radiator cap shall be wrapped with a towel, and a part of the water radiator cap shall be carefully unscrewed to release the water vapor. After the water vapor is released, all the water radiator caps shall be unscrewed.
2. How to add coolant
When adding coolant, it is best to add coolant of the same model as that in the water radiator. Do not add coolant until the water temperature drops to about 70 ℃.
The "step-by-step water injection method" shall be adopted to gradually reduce the temperature, instead of adding water too quickly at a time, that is, the engine shall be idled while adding water, and the filling shall be slow at the same time, so as to ensure the safety of operators and equipment.
3. Brake overheat treatment scheme
When the brake is overheated, do not directly flush the engine with cold water. Flushing the engine directly with cold water may cause damage to some parts inside the engine, and may even burst other parts such as the engine cylinder block and cylinder liner. This will reduce its service life and performance. Therefore, it must be shut down for natural cooling.
Maintenance measures for equipment operation in summer
1. Do a good job in early maintenance of construction machinery
In summer, it is better to carry out a comprehensive maintenance for construction machinery, and focus on the maintenance of equipment and components prone to high temperature failure; Replace the three filters and oil of the engine, replace or adjust the adhesive tape, check whether the performance of the fan, water pump, generator and compressor is reliable, and maintain, repair or replace it if necessary.
Properly increase the viscosity grade of engine oil, and check whether the cooling system and fuel system are smooth; Replace aging wires, plugs and rubber hoses, check and tighten fuel lines to prevent fuel leakage; Clean up the oil and dust on the engine body to ensure that the engine is "light loaded" and has good heat dissipation.
2. Key maintenance methods during summer construction
1. The engine oil and various lubricating oils shall be replaced with summer oil with appropriate oil quantity; Regularly check whether there is oil leakage, especially the fuel, which should be replenished in time.
2. The battery fluid shall be replenished in time, the charging current shall be properly reduced, the circuit connectors shall be firm and reliable, the aging lines shall be replaced, and the fuse capacity shall meet the requirements for safe use. The equipment shall be equipped with fire extinguishers.
3. The equipment shall be stored in a cool place as far as possible to avoid sun exposure. Reduce the tire pressure properly to avoid tire blowout.
4. Pay attention to the damage of rain and dust to the equipment. It is best to replace all kinds of filter elements regularly. The radiator of the hydraulic system should be cleaned regularly to maintain a good heat dissipation effect. Avoid long-term overload operation. It is forbidden to use water to cool down the overheated brake.
5. Check whether the steel structure, transmission case and axle components of the equipment are flexible and have small cracks to prevent the damage from increasing due to high temperature in summer. In case of rust, remove rust, repair and paint in time to avoid the aggravation of corrosion due to too much rain in summer.
The maintenance of construction machinery and equipment, especially in high temperature environment in summer, shall follow the principle of timely, reasonable and comprehensive, so as to improve equipment performance and adapt to external high temperature and working conditions. Track and manage the equipment, timely understand and master the performance dynamics of the equipment, and formulate specific measures for different equipment during specific operation.
