1、 Improper starting method.
Due to the low temperature in winter, the start-up of the equipment is often not very smooth. When starting the excavator in winter, you can now cover the thermal insulation quilt on the water tank, open the drain valve, continuously inject 60-70 ℃ clean soft water into the water tank, touch the water flowing out of the drain valve with your hand, and then close the drain valve, inject 90-100 ℃ clean soft water into the water tank, and rotate the crankshaft, Make all moving parts properly prelubricated before starting.
2、 Do not pay attention to body insulation.
If you don't pay attention to the thermal insulation of the engine body during winter operation, you may reduce the working life and damage the engine. Thermal insulation is the key to make good use of the diesel engine in winter.
The thermostat plays an important role in the temperature rise of diesel engine during winter operation. Therefore, before winter, check whether the excavator thermostat works normally. If any fault is found, repair or replace it.
3、 Drain.
After the operation, the excavator shall be idled before flameout. When the cooling water temperature drops below 60 ℃ and the water is not hot, it shall be flamed out and drained. Otherwise, the body will be suddenly attacked by cold air when the temperature is high, resulting in sudden shrinkage and cracks.
4、 Low load operation.
Some drivers often can't wait to enter the load operation after the excavator is started. However, due to the diesel engine just on fire, due to the low body temperature and high oil viscosity, the oil is not easy to fill the friction surface of the moving pair, which will cause serious wear of the machine.
In addition, due to insufficient preheating of the machine, plunger spring, valve spring and injector spring are also easy to break due to "cold brittleness".
5、 Fuel.
Due to the low temperature in winter, excavator repair often leads to poor fluidity, increased viscosity and difficult spray of diesel, resulting in poor atomization and deterioration of combustion, resulting in the decline of power and economic performance of diesel engine.
Most of today's excavators are full hydraulic rotary excavators. Hydraulic excavators are mainly composed of engine, hydraulic system, working device, walking device and electrical control. The hydraulic system is composed of hydraulic pump, control valve, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, pipeline and oil tank. The electrical control system includes monitoring panel, engine control system and pump control system, Various sensors, solenoid valves, etc.
Hydraulic excavator is generally composed of working device, upper body and lower body. According to its structure and use, it can be divided into crawler type, tire type, walking type, full hydraulic, semi hydraulic, full rotation, excavator repair shop non full rotation, general-purpose type, special-purpose type, articulated type, telescopic arm type and other types.
The working device is a device that directly completes the excavation task. It is hinged by three parts: boom, bucket and bucket. In order to meet the needs of various construction operations, the hydraulic excavator can be equipped with a variety of working devices, such as excavation, lifting, loading, leveling, clamp, bulldozing, impact hammer, rotary drilling and other working machines and tools.
The slewing and traveling device is the body of the hydraulic excavator. The upper part of the turntable is equipped with a power device and transmission system. The engine is the power source of the hydraulic excavator. Diesel oil is mostly used. It can also be used in a convenient place.
The hydraulic transmission system transmits the power of the engine to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder and other executive elements through the hydraulic pump to promote the action of the working device, so as to complete various operations.
