Excavator is a commonly used construction machinery, widely used in major construction sites. So do you know what its structural composition and classification are? Let's take a look together!
1. Structure of the excavator
Common excavator structures include power devices, working devices, slewing mechanisms, steering mechanisms, transmission mechanisms, walking mechanisms, and auxiliary facilities.
From the appearance, the excavator is composed of three parts: working device, upper turntable and walking mechanism. According to its structure and use, it can be divided into: crawler type, tire type, walking type, full hydraulic, semi-hydraulic, full rotation, non-full rotation, general type, special type, articulated type, telescopic arm type and other types.
The working device is a device that directly completes the excavation task. It is made up of three parts, such as boom, stick and bucket. Boom lifting, boom extension and bucket rotation are controlled by reciprocating double-acting hydraulic cylinders. In order to meet the needs of various construction operations, the excavator can be equipped with a variety of working devices, such as excavation, lifting, loading, leveling, clamp, bulldozing, impact hammer and other work tools.
The slewing and walking device is the body of the hydraulic excavator, and the upper part of the turntable is provided with a power device and a transmission system. The engine is the power source of the excavator. Most of the diesel is used in a convenient place, and the motor can also be used.
The transmission mechanism transmits the power of the engine to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder and other actuators through the hydraulic pump to push the working device to complete various operations.
Second, the classification of excavators
Common excavators are driven by internal combustion engines and electrically driven excavators according to driving methods. Among them, electric excavators are mainly used in high-altitude anoxic and underground mines and other flammable and explosive places.
According to different walking methods, excavators can be divided into crawler excavators and wheeled excavators.
According to different transmission methods, excavators can be divided into hydraulic excavators and mechanical excavators. Mechanical excavators are mainly used in some large mines.
According to usage, excavators can be divided into general excavators, mining excavators, marine excavators, special excavators, etc.
According to the bucket, the excavator can be divided into forward excavator, backhoe excavator, dragline excavator and grab excavator. Front shovel excavators are mostly used to excavate materials above the surface, and backhoe excavators are mostly used to excavate materials below the surface.
Backhoe excavator
The backhoe type is the most common we have seen. It is backward and downward, forcibly cutting the soil. It can be used for excavation below the shutdown working surface. The basic operation methods are: trench end excavation, trench side excavation, straight line excavation, curved excavation, angled excavation, ultra-deep trench excavation and trench slope excavation.
Excavator
The shoveling action form of the front shovel excavator. Its characteristic is "advance upward, compulsory cutting soil". The front shovel has a large digging force and can excavate the soil above the stop surface. It is suitable for excavation of dry foundation pits with a height greater than 2m, but up and down slopes must be provided. The bucket of the front shovel is larger than that of the backhoe of the same equivalent. It can excavate the first to third types of soil with a water content of not more than 27%. Large dry foundation pits and mounds. The excavation method of the front shovel excavator is based on the relative position of the excavation route and the transportation vehicle. There are two methods of digging and unloading the soil: forward digging, lateral unloading; forward digging, reverse Unload the soil.
Dragline excavator
Dragline shovels are also called cable shovels. The characteristics of its excavation are: "Backward and downward, cutting soil with its own weight". It is suitable for class Ⅰ and Ⅱ soil below the excavation stop surface. When working, use the inertial force to throw the bucket out, digging farther, the digging radius and digging depth are larger, but not as flexible and accurate as the backhoe. Especially suitable for excavating large and deep foundation pits or digging soil underwater.
Grab shovel excavator
Grab shovel shovel is also called grab shovel. The characteristics of its excavation are: "Straight up and down, cutting soil with its own weight". It is suitable for excavating Class I and II soil below the stop surface, and is often used for excavation of foundation pits and sink wells in soft soil areas. It is especially suitable for digging deep and narrow foundation pits, dredging old channels and digging silt in water, etc., or for loading loose materials such as gravel and slag. There are two types of excavation methods: trench side excavation and positioning excavation. If the grab bucket is made into a grid, it can also be used to load ore blocks, wood chips, wood, etc. in a wood storage yard.
Full hydraulic full rotation excavator
Today's excavators account for the vast majority of fully hydraulic full-turn excavators. Hydraulic excavator is mainly composed of engine, hydraulic system, working device, walking device and electrical control. The hydraulic system is composed of hydraulic pump, control valve, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, pipeline, oil tank, etc. The electrical control system includes monitoring panel, engine control system, pump control system, various sensors, solenoid valves, etc.
Hydraulic excavator is generally composed of three parts: working device, slewing device and walking device. According to its structure and use, it can be divided into: crawler type, tire type, walking type, full hydraulic, semi-hydraulic, full rotation, non-full rotation, general type, special type, articulated type, telescopic arm type and other types.
The working device is a device that directly completes the excavation task. It is made up of three parts, such as boom, stick and bucket. Boom lifting, boom extension and bucket rotation are controlled by reciprocating double-acting hydraulic cylinders. In order to meet the needs of various construction operations, hydraulic excavators can be equipped with a variety of working devices, such as excavation, lifting, loading, leveling, clamps, bulldozing, impact hammers and other work tools.
The slewing and walking device is the body of the hydraulic excavator, and the upper part of the turntable is provided with a power device and a transmission system. The engine is the power source of the hydraulic excavator. Most of the diesel is used in a convenient place, and the motor can also be used.
The hydraulic transmission system transmits the power of the engine to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder and other actuators through the hydraulic pump to push the working device to complete various operations.
