Basic structure and function of forklift
1. Engine
It is the power source of internal combustion forklifts. It converts the thermal energy generated by fuel into mechanical energy and outputs power through the flywheel of the engine.
2. Chassis
The chassis is used to support the vehicle body, receive power output from the engine, and ensure that the forklift can travel normally. It includes transmission device, driving device, steering device, braking device, etc.
3. Vehicle body
The body and frame of the forklift are integrated and welded together from steel sections. The cast iron block placed at the rear of the forklift and adapted to the vehicle model is used as a counterweight, and its weight is determined by the rated lifting capacity of the forklift, which plays a balancing role when the forklift is loaded. To maintain the stability of the forklift.
4. Lifting mechanism
The lifting mechanism is mainly composed of a gantry and a fork. The door frame is hinged on the front axle support body and consists of a set of parallel steel frames and sliding brackets that fix the forks.
Forks are two steel forks bent 90 degrees, mounted on sliding brackets, and are tools for carrying materials. The specifications of the forklift are designed based on its maximum load capacity. Forks can be tilted forward and backward by hydraulic cylinders.
5. The hydraulic system mainly includes:
(1) The lifting hydraulic cylinder, with its plunger top fixed to the lifting gantry, controls the lifting or lowering of the fork.
(2) Tilting hydraulic cylinder, with its plunger tip hinged to the door frame, controls the forward or backward tilt of the door frame.
(3) A hydraulic pump can be a vane pump or a gear pump. The hydraulic pump outputs high-pressure oil (6.37-15.7 MPa) to drive the lifting hydraulic cylinder and the tilting hydraulic cylinder.
(4) The hydraulic distribution valve consists of a valve body, a lifting hydraulic cylinder valve core, a tilting hydraulic cylinder valve core, and a safety valve. Its function is to control the movement of the lifting or tilting hydraulic cylinder valve core by manipulating the handle according to the working needs of the fork lifting and tilting, and input high-pressure oil into the lifting or tilting hydraulic cylinder. The function of a safety valve is to allow oil to flow back from the return pipe to the oil tank when the oil pressure in the system exceeds a certain value.
(5) The throttle valve is installed in the pipeline of the lifting hydraulic cylinder, and its function is to increase the flow resistance of the oil. When the lifting hydraulic cylinder releases pressure, it ensures that the fork slowly descends.
6. Electrical equipment
Electrical equipment consists of power supply, engine starting system and ignition system, as well as forklift lighting, signal and other electrical equipment.
What are the main forklift accessories
Forklifts are mainly composed of five systems: power unit, chassis, working device, and electrical equipment. These five systems are composed of thousands of forklift parts, known as forklift parts in English. Forklift power unit, internal combustion balance weight forklift, is mainly a forklift powered by an internal combustion engine. Internal combustion engines mainly include gasoline engines, liquid petroleum gas (natural gas) engines for diesel engines, and dual fuel engines. It consists of an internal combustion engine, transmission drive device, control device, working device, and electrical equipment.
1. Engine accessories
There are mainly major repair parts, pistons, piston rings, connecting rod bushings, crankshaft bushings, thrust plates, cylinder liners, intake valves, exhaust valves, valve seats, valve guides, valve seats, cylinder liners, oil nozzles, oil pump cores, belts, diesel grids, oil grids, oil and air grids, camshaft bushings, cups, oil sensors, pre plugs, spark plugs, platinum spark plugs, oil seals, connecting rod sleeves, starters, batteries, generators, flywheels, water pumps, carburetors, valve springs, valve guides, camshafts, crankshafts, connecting rods, electromechanical pumps, screws, hand pumps, gasoline pumps, diesel high-pressure pumps, pulleys, water tanks, hydraulic gear pumps, engine floor mats, rocker shafts, timing gears, fan blades Composed of flywheel ring gear, cylinder block, etc.
2. Transmission drive device
Mainly composed of brake master cylinder, brake sub cylinder, brake assembly, brake shoes, handbrake wire, front wheel hub/drive wheel hub, front wheel rim, front wheel hub screws, brake hub/brake hub, clutch master cylinder, clutch sub cylinder, clutch pressure plate, clutch disc, release bearing, release bearing seat, clutch cable, multi way valve assembly, oil master cylinder repair kit, multi way valve repair kit, steering wheel, steering gear assembly, steering gear repair kit, steering gear cross shaft, hydraulic pump assembly, hydraulic pump repair kit, hydraulic pump transmission shaft, hydraulic oil grid, pull rod ball head, steering cylinder repair kit, steering cylinder piston rod, steering knuckle, three link plate, three link plate main pin and repair Package, steering knuckle master and repair kit, rear wheel drum (steering wheel hub), rear wheel drum screws, rear wheel steel rims, axle bottom liner, transverse cylinder connecting rod The components include the connecting rod pin of the transverse cylinder, the joint bearing of the transverse cylinder, the transverse cylinder repair kit, the lifting cylinder repair kit, the door frame bearing, the door frame bearing shell, the door frame chain, the door frame side roller, the door frame sprocket, the tilting cylinder piston rod, and the tilting cylinder repair kit.
3. Manipulation control device
Mainly composed of steering wheel, control lever, hydraulic lift control lever, tilt control lever, side shift control lever, rotation control lever, clamp control lever, forward and reverse control lever, forward gear, reverse gear, first gear/low-speed gear, second gear/high-speed gear, front and rear gear sleeve (sliding sleeve group), first and second gear sleeve synchronization ring, first shaft, first shaft cover, first shaft sleeve, first shaft sleeve needle bearing, second shaft output gear, gearbox transmission shaft spline, gearbox universal joint Gearbox control valve (consisting of gearbox solenoid valve, gear cable, gear shift ball head, gear switch, friction plate/copper plate, spacer/steel plate, clutch housing, automatic transmission repair kit, torque converter, torque converter connecting sleeve pump drum, oil supply pump, connecting plate/elastic plate, differential, cross shaft, planetary gear, planetary gear gasket, half shaft, half shaft gear, half shaft gear gasket, disc angle gear and other accessories).
4. Working device
Also known as a lifting structure, it is mainly composed of mechanical parts and hydraulic systems. Working devices can be divided into three types: gantry type, parallel linkage type, and boom telescopic type, among which gantry type is the most widely used. The specific classification of accessories can be divided into forks, clamps, paper roll clamps, skewers, rotating frames, steel claws, buckets, fork sleeves, which are components and clamping parts used to increase the load-bearing length when placed on the forks, attachments, bucket clamps, skewers, lifting rods, hooks, and lifting arms used to clamp goods, lifting arm frames and hooks used for lifting operations, tilting forks used for tilting with the shelving, swinging forks used for loading and unloading cylindrical goods, forks that can swing left and right around the upper hinge point of the fork, hinged tilting forks, rotating forks, load stabilizers, container lifting equipment, attachments, tilting buckets, and buckets used for lifting and transporting containers. Accessories, push-pull devices, extruders, and second extruders used for loading and unloading bulk materials, accessories that can push goods out of forks, three-way forks, and accessories that can load and unload goods in front of and on the left and right sides of forklifts Rotary gripper, consisting of attachments that can rotate around a horizontal axis to hold goods, side moving forks, attachments that can move the fork beam laterally, forward moving forks, adjustable spacing forks, forks that can be adjusted by hydraulic cylinders, round wood clamps, side moving forks, and other attachments.
5. Electrical equipment
It mainly consists of forklift batteries, lighting, various warning and alarm devices, as well as other electrical components and circuits. Various electrical equipment components include forklift light bulbs, forklift warning lights, forklift headlight assemblies, forklift computer boards, forklift modules, forklift contactors, direction sensors, angle sensors, height sensors, speed sensors, etc.
