The main function of turbocharging is to increase the intake volume of the engine, so as to improve the power and torque of the engine and make the car more powerful. When an engine is equipped with a turbocharger, its maximum power can increase by 40% or even higher than that without turbocharger. This means that the same engine can output more power after being pressurized. Turbocharger is one of the most important parts of the engine. Its function is to improve the power of the engine. After the damage, the air intake is not enough, the combustion chamber pressure is low, and the diesel combustion is incomplete, causing the engine crankshaft speed to decline and the output power to weaken. The power of the crankshaft is transferred to the flywheel. The flywheel is connected with the elastic plate and the cover wheel of the torque converter, and the cover wheel is connected with the pump wheel and the split gear. The differential gear controls the steering pump drive shaft and the hydraulic pump and the transmission pump drive shaft, so the damage of the turbocharger will affect the whole machine's powerlessness.
First, the structure and working principle of turbocharger
The turbocharger uses the exhaust gas from the engine to drive the turbine. It is more advanced or a set of mechanical devices. Because it often works at high speed and high temperature, the temperature of the turbocharger exhaust gas turbine is above 600 degrees and the turbocharger is very high, so it is correct to ensure the normal work of the supercharger. It is very important to use and maintain.
1. its structure is very simple, but the design is very precise. The exhaust gas from the engine goes into the two holes of the green ring, pushing the turbine blades of the yellow ring to rotate, while the compressor blades of the other purple ring rotate at a high speed. They share a shaft and the turbocharger starts to work. The high speed rotating compressor will press the air after the filter core into the intake pipe. When the inlet valve opens, the intake of the combustion chamber increases. The diesel fuel atomized by the injector is more complete, thus improving the power of the engine. The blue circle is the oil hole, the black circle is the oil return hole.
2. air compressor housing, remove the fixed bolt 10 wrench, open with small hammer. After you open it, you can see the compressor impeller and the orange O seal. Turbine housing bolts 13 wrench, because of high temperature exhaust heat it, after cooling, rusting, easy to bite.
3. turbocharger turbine blades rotate at high speed, requiring lubricating oil to lubricate internal bearings to extend service life. Oil from the engine pressure pipe joint into the upper hole, lubrication of the internal floating bearing and shaft back from the following hole back to the oil pan, when the installation of a new turbocharger, the oil intake must be filled with oil. The turbine blades and compressor blades share a shaft, and the other end needs to be fixed when it is removed. A 19 spanner and 11 other spanner, remember that it is an anti tooth bolt. After knocking off the shaft, the compressor blades can be removed. The cover plate is fixed by the internal six angle bolts.
4. after knocking the cover, there is a O ring and a bearing inside, bearing a sealing ring. There is also a seal ring on the shaft of the turbine blade. The high speed rotating supercharger, the back of the turbine blade and the compressor have a certain pressure, and the function of the two seal rings is to seal the air pressure and oil, and not let the pressure enter the interior of the intermediate.
5. intermediate rotor shaft floating bearing parts, simple and precise design, all inside the oil hole.
Two. The cause of the damage of the supercharger
A turbocharger is an engine that relies on a turbocharger to increase the intake of the engine, and the turbocharger (Turbo) is actually a air compressor. It uses the exhaust gas from the engine to drive the turbine inside the turbine (in the exhaust duct), and the turbine drives the coaxial impeller (in the inlet), and the impeller will compress the fresh air from the air filter pipe and send it to the cylinder. When the engine speed is accelerated, the exhaust gas discharge speed and the turbine speed are synchronized faster, the air compression degree is increased, the intake of the engine is increased correspondingly, and the output power of the engine can be increased.
High speed rotating supercharger, internal bearings are lubricated and protected by lubricating oil. The turbocharger is damaged and is usually replaced directly.
The factors of damage:
1. seal ring wear. The pressure seal ring and the turbine blade seal ring can not seal the oil and cause oil leakage after damage. The compressor seal ring is damaged and the oil enters the combustion chamber. The turbine blade seal ring is damaged, the high temperature turbine casing makes the oil carbonized, and the exhaust pipe gives white smoke.
2. floating bearing wear. The wear clearance between the shaft, bearing and bearing hole is too large and the oil leakage.
The 3. oil pipe is blocked. The oil pressure in the middle becomes higher, and the oil is leaking out of the sealing ring.
4. the crankcase pressure is too high to be blocked by the oil and gas separator. A part of the high pressure gas produced by the combustion chamber explosion is leaked into the crankcase through the piston ring. The pressure of the exhaust gas is increased and the pressure is strung into the turbocharger back to the oil pipe, causing the oil recovery is not smooth.
5. the negative pressure of the intake is large. There is too much dust in the air filter core, and there is a negative pressure leakage on the back of the compressor.
6. the engine is high temperature. The high temperature of the engine also makes the exhaust temperature higher, resulting in a higher temperature of the supercharger, resulting in the failure of the sealing ring to leak oil.
7. the oil is too dirty. The lubrication performance of oil coking is decreased.
The 8. engine oil pump is damaged. The abnormal operation of the oil pump causes low oil pressure and can not supply oil normally, resulting in dry grinding of the bearing in the supercharger.
Conclusion: to extend the service life of turbocharger, we must use the engine correctly and maintain according to the regulations. Before starting the engine, check the oil quantity and water requirement. The engine must be pre heated, and the oil pressure will come up to ensure that the lubrication system works properly. Do not extinguish the fire immediately after heavy workload. The air filter element, oil and oil filter element must be changed according to the regulations. Regular inspection of the sealing system of the intake system does not allow foreign matter to enter the supercharger and so on.
