1 Maintain the oil filter on time;
2 Prevent fuel from entering the diesel engine oil tank;
3 Keep the oil pan and valve cover of the diesel engine relatively closed to prevent debris from entering the engine oil;
4 Select the appropriate grade of oil according to the requirements;
5 Regularly change the oil according to regulations. When changing the oil, drain the oil after the machine is turned off, and thoroughly clean the oil pan to prevent the remaining waste oil from mixing with the new oil and corroding the new oil.
6 Maintain the normal operating temperature of the diesel engine. The normal operating temperature of the diesel engine is 80 ° C ~ 90 ° C. If the temperature is too high, the oil will become thinner, accelerate the oxidation of the oil, and reduce the lubricating effect of the oil. If the temperature is too low, the diesel will not be completely burned, and some oil will condense into liquid and flow into the sump along the cylinder wall to dilute the oil.
As a loader, everyone knows that when the loader forklift diesel engine is just started, you cannot increase the throttle, but do you know why?
After the forklift truck starts the diesel engine, it should run at low speed for 3-5 minutes. The purpose is:
1 Ensure lubrication: When the diesel engine is started, the viscosity of the lubricating oil is high, and the components are poorly lubricated. After preheating, the lubricating oil gradually reaches the lubricating part to avoid dry friction and damage the mating surface;
2 After the diesel engine is started, the temperature of the machine is low and the diesel combustion is not complete. At this time, if the throttle increases and the fuel supply increases, excess unburned diesel will form carbon deposits, which will increase diesel engine emissions.
3 Preheating: Let all parts of the body heat slowly and evenly to reach the normal working temperature, reduce wear and tear, and avoid mechanical strain;
In addition, excessive diesel may also flow into the crankcase along the cylinder wall, affecting the lubrication of the cylinder wall, diluting the oil in the oil pan, reducing the lubrication performance and reducing the service life of the diesel engine.
For diesel engines equipped with exhaust gas turbochargers, more attention should be paid to warming up. If the throttle valve is added immediately after starting, the speed of the turbine rises, and the oil does not reach the surface of each lubricating component, and the shape is not well lubricated, which easily causes the turbine shaft to be stuck and cause a malfunction.
Therefore, in order to save the service life of the machine, in order to save fuel, and protect the environment from pollution, everyone should wait for the loader to start, and do not hit the throttle.
Why is there oil in the diesel water tank of the loader forklift?
When checking the water level of the diesel engine radiator (water tank), if the cause of the water tank is found and the diesel engine is restarted after troubleshooting, there are two cases, there is oil in the water tank:
(1) The diesel oil cooler (water cooler) is broken, the water cooler core is broken, and the gasket (ring) is damaged, causing oil to leak into the cooling system and causing oil to enter the water tank. The oil cooler should be turned on. If the oil cooler cannot be broken, it is usually accompanied by low pressure of the organic oil.
(2) The hydraulic transmission oil-water cooler has a bad seal or is broken, resulting in oil stains in the water tank. The hydraulic transmission oil-water cooler should be removed.
In order to prevent the water cooler from freezing and cracking, use the diesel engine in the cold season. Don't forget to put water in the diesel cooler and hydraulic transmission oil cooler.
10. What is the reason for the forklift diesel truck?
When the diesel engine is running, when the speed is within a wide range, high-speed and low-cycle changes are called "cars".
There are various "cars", sometimes the accelerator pedal is in a certain position, sometimes it is a car at idle speed, sometimes it is a car under a certain load.
The essence of cruise is that the normal speed control function of the diesel engine is destroyed. In general, the fuel pump components (such as racks) or moving parts in the governor have too much resistance, which causes the sensitivity of the governor to decrease and cause driving; the internal components of the fuel injection pump or regulating decelerator are too large, making Changes in oil supply lag behind excessive changes in speed, which may lead to driving; faults in the oil circuit may also cause driving phenomena, mainly manifested in:
1 The low-pressure oil line is blocked, the oil supply is not smooth, and the oil supply continuity is impaired;
2 Air inlet of oil supply line;
3 The atomization of the injector is bad or stuck, making the cylinder work unevenly and riding.
When checking the cause of the collision, first check the oil circuit failure. If there is no fault in the fuel line, go to the fuel pump governor and check the fuel injection pump.
It should be noted that in addition to the above reasons, idling involves the following factors:
1 The fuel injector operates at low speed. The main reason is that the fuel injector is worn or the manufacturing quality is poor or other reasons lead to no atomization or dripping at low speed, and it works normally at medium and high speeds.
2 The fuel supply of the fuel injection pump is insufficient, and the vehicle disappears after the idling fuel quantity increases;
3Idle speed limit screw is not adjusted properly, causing idle speed to adjust stroke and idle speed. Limit screw.
Why does the loader forklift diesel engine "open the can"? How to eliminate and prevent them?
"Open the pot" refers to the phenomenon that the temperature of the diesel engine is too high and the coolant boils in the water tank and steam. The causes of diesel engine "cooking" and the methods of prevention and elimination are:
1. The inner wall of the radiator heat pipe (core) is too thick, affecting heat dissipation. Pay attention to the injection of clean cooling water during use; and regularly remove the scale in the water tank;
2. The radiator or cooling system leaks, resulting in insufficient coolant. Check the cause of the leak and add enough cooling water after troubleshooting;
3. The cylinder head gasket or cylinder liner is damaged, the high-pressure gas in the cylinder enters the water cooling system, causing the water tank to "float" and "open the pot" (in this case, more
With diesel engine oil emulsification). The cylinder head gasket or cylinder liner should be inspected for damage and replaced if necessary;
4. The pump is damaged, the cooling water does not circulate or the circulation strength is insufficient. The cause of the pump damage should be checked and replaced with a new pump if necessary;
5. When the machine is working under high load for a long time, the fan belt is loose, the wind speed is not strong, and boiling may occur due to overheating. The load of the loader should be reasonably arranged to prevent the machine from overheating.
6. If the thermostat is damaged, the large cycle will not open, causing the machine to overheat. The thermostat should be replaced.
It should be noted that the loader working in the high mountain area will also open the pot. The main reason is that the radiator freezes and the coolant cannot be circulated for a large period. Therefore, when using the loader in high mountain areas, care should be taken to add a thermal insulation device at the front of the radiator.
The cause and elimination method of the white smoke from the exhaust pipe of the loader forklift?
There is water in the diesel or water in the cylinder. When the hydrate is evaporated from the exhaust pipe, white smoke is emitted. The main reasons and troubleshooting methods of diesel engine emitting white smoke are:
1 Water is mixed with diesel, it should be checked whether water is mixed with diesel;
2 Fuel supply advance angle adjustment is incorrect
When the fuel supply advance angle is too small and the temperature of the diesel engine is not high, part of the fuel will not burn, and the exhausted oil mist will form white gas with the exhaust gas. When the heat engine is under heavy load, the temperatures of the combustion chamber and the exhaust pipe increase, and diesel fuel that cannot be completely burned in the combustion chamber continues to decompose in the exhaust pipe, and black smoke is emitted. Check the fuel supply time is appropriate.
Poor atomization of the syringe
If the syringe is not well sealed, the atomization is not good or even dripping, the oil entering the cylinder is too late to mix and burn, and white smoke will be emitted. If the injector is dripping heavily or multiple injectors are dripping, the diesel engine will also enter the oil pan and dilute the oil. If necessary, the injector should be tested and replaced.
Intake of cylinder liner
Cylinder head gasket is broken, and the water tank or cylinder liner is broken, so that the cooling water continuously penetrates into the cylinder. When exhausting, the exhausted hot gas stream evaporates or exhausts, forming a mist or water vapor, which is exhausted as white smoke. At this time, if you put white paper on the exhaust pipe, it will spray fine water droplets on it. The cause of the leak should be checked.
It should be noted that when the diesel engine is running, the exhaust pipe continuously emits white smoke. This phenomenon is more common when diesel engines are used in cold winters. This is because the temperature in the cylinder of the diesel engine is low, the vaporization of oil and gas on the cylinder wall is discharged together with the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe also enters moisture due to shutdown, and white water vapor is discharged from the hospital, which is normal. However, if white smoke is still emitted after the heat engine, it is a malfunction.
What is the abnormal noise of the loader forklift diesel engine? What is the reason?
Diesel engines with good technical conditions can hear a uniform and slight exhaust sound when idling, and can hear a smooth roar when driving at high speed. If the sound is louder, accompanied by a decrease in power, an increase in fuel consumption and an increase in vibration, it can be judged as abnormal noise.
When the engine sounds abnormally, the sound can be judged according to different technical conditions, different sounds, different working conditions and the matching spatial position of the copy body, sounding part and sound characteristics, and the time and change of the sound. Types and possible causes.
The reason for the blue smoke of the loader forklift exhaust pipe and how to eliminate it?
Blue smoke in the exhaust pipe is characteristic of burning oil. The main reasons and troubleshooting methods are:
1 The oil level is too high. The oil level should be checked and filled with oil as necessary.
2 The piston ring between the cylinder liner or the piston ring is too large to enter the other end. The cylinder pressure should be checked. If the cylinder pressure is too low, the piston ring should be removed. If necessary, reassemble the four kits or replace the piston rings.
3 The gap between the valve stem and the valve guide plate is too large or the valve oil seal is damaged. Check the clearance between the valve oil seal and the valve, and replace the valve oil seal or valve guide if necessary.
4 The turbocharger is damaged and leaking oil. In this case, the diesel engine suddenly emits blue smoke. The supercharger should be repaired or the turbocharger oil seal ring should be replaced.
What is the reason for the black exhaust of the loader forklift diesel engine? How to eliminate it?
When the diesel engine is working under load, the color of exhaust fumes is usually light gray. When the diesel engine is overloaded, suddenly accelerated, climbed or heavily loaded, exhaust smoke is normal. However, when using black smoke or heavy load under heavy load or light load, this is an abnormal phenomenon. The causes and elimination methods are as follows:
1 The air filter is clogged, resulting in insufficient cylinder inflation. The air filter element should be cleaned or replaced;
2 Failure of the supercharger results in insufficient supply pressure and the diesel engine is not completely burned. The supercharger should be overhauled;
3 The atomization or dripping of the fuel injector is bad, it should be overhauled to test the fuel injector, and if necessary, replace the fuel injection head (needle valve coupling);
4 Improper adjustment of fuel supply time, there are two types:
A. Black smoke, and the cylinder is accompanied by a crisp knocking sound, and the work is very rude. This phenomenon is usually caused by premature fuel supply. Premature oil supply often causes difficulty in starting.
Bay exhaust pipe emits black smoke, there is flame in the muffler, and the sound is dull. This phenomenon occurs because the fuel supply time is too late. The fuel supply time is too late, which often causes the diesel engine to overheat, the exhaust temperature rises, and even the machine parts may be burned.
In addition, the diesel engine with automatic fuel supply angle lifting device emits black smoke at high speed, or it may be caused by the automatic advancement of the fuel supply angle. The automatic angle propeller of the oil supply angle should be removed. If the fuel supply time is not suitable, it can be checked and adjusted as described above.
5 uneven oil supply per cylinder
The exhaust pipe emits black smoke, and the machine vibrates seriously. Through the "cylinder breaking method", you can check and eliminate excessive oil in a single cylinder;
6 Poor diesel quality
The quality of diesel is poor, resulting in poor atomization, so that it cannot be completely burned. The fuel tank should be cleaned and diesel oil replaced.
