The pile driver is composed of pile hammer, pile frame and auxiliary equipment. It is a pile driver machine that uses the impact force to penetrate the pile into the ground. This article mainly introduces the types of pile drivers.
1. Drop hammer pile driver
The pile hammer is a steel weight, which is lifted by a hoist with a hook. After being unhooked, it falls freely along the guide frame to drive the pile.
Steam hammer pile driver
The pile hammer is composed of a hammer head and a hammer seat, and is powered by steam or compressed air. There are two types of single-acting steam hammer and double-acting steam hammer. The single-acting steam hammer uses a plunger or a cylinder as the hammer head, and the steam drives the hammer head to rise, and then allows it to fall along the guide rod of the hammer seat to drive the pile. Double-acting steam hammer generally uses a heavy plunger as a hammer head and a cylinder as a hammer seat. Steam drives the hammer head to rise, and then drives the hammer head to impact the pile driving downward. The speed of reciprocating up and down is fast and the frequency is high, so that the vibration occurs when the pile penetrates into the stratum, which can reduce the frictional resistance, and the pile driving effect is good. The differential steam hammer with two-way unequal force has a light weight hammer seat, the effective impact weight can be relatively increased, and the performance is better. The commutation of the inlet and outlet steam valves of the steam hammer can be controlled manually or automatically by the flange lever installed on the side of the hammer head and lifting with the hammer head. Both ways can adjust the impact stroke of the steam hammer.
2. Diesel hammer pile driver
The main body is also composed of a cylinder and a plunger. Its working principle is similar to that of a single-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine. The atomized diesel injected into the combustion chamber of the cylinder is driven by the powerful pressure generated by the high-pressure and high-temperature combustion explosion. The diesel hammer is divided into guide rod type and barrel type according to its structure. The guide rod type diesel hammer presses on the pile cap with the plunger as the hammer seat, and moves up and down along the two guide rods with the cylinder as the hammer head.
When driving the pile, first hang the pile in place in the gantry of the pile frame, then put the diesel hammer on the top of the pile, lower the hook to lift the cylinder, and then release the hook to let the cylinder fall into the plunger and be closed in the cylinder The air is compressed and the cylinder continues to fall until the pressure pin outside the cylinder pushes the rocker of the fuel pump on the hammer seat. The fuel pump sprays the oil mist into the cylinder. The oil mist meets the high temperature gas above the ignition point. An explosion occurs, and the explosive force impacts downwards to sink the pile and push it upwards to raise the cylinder. When the cylinder falls again along the guide rod, the second impact cycle begins again. The cylinder type diesel hammer uses the cylinder as the hammer seat, and is directly guided by the lengthened inner wall of the cylinder barrel, eliminating two guide rods, and the plunger is a hammer head, which can move up and down in the cylinder. When driving the pile, press the pile cap under the hammer base on the top of the pile, lift the plunger with a hook, and then unhook and impact downward, compressing the air enclosed in the cylinder. And carry out work processes such as fuel injection, explosion, impact, and ventilation.
The work of the diesel hammer is started by compression ignition diesel, so it is necessary to ensure that the enclosed gas in the cylinder reaches a certain compression ratio. Sometimes when piles are piled on a soft ground, the reaction force is often too small and the compression amount is not enough to ignite. To detonate, you need to use the hook to lift the hammer head off the hook many times to start. The fuel injection pump, fuel tank, cooling water tank and pile cap are attached to the hammer seat of the diesel hammer. The movable gap between the plunger and the cylinder is sealed with an elastic plunger ring.
3. Hydraulic hammer pile driver
It is a new type of pile driver that uses oil pressure as power and can adjust the hydraulic pressure according to the different soil quality to achieve an appropriate impact force for pile driving.
4. Steam hammer pile driver
The pile hammer is composed of a hammer head and a hammer seat, and is powered by steam or compressed air. There are two types of single-acting steam hammer and double-acting steam hammer. The single-acting steam hammer uses a plunger or a cylinder as the hammer head, and the steam drives the hammer head to rise, and then allows it to fall along the guide rod of the hammer seat to drive the pile. Double-acting steam hammer generally uses a heavy plunger as a hammer head and a cylinder as a hammer seat. Steam drives the hammer head to rise, and then drives the hammer head to impact the pile driving downward. The speed of reciprocating up and down is fast and the frequency is high, so that the vibration occurs when the pile penetrates into the stratum, which can reduce the frictional resistance, and the pile driving effect is good. The differential steam hammer with two-way unequal force has a light weight hammer seat, the effective impact weight can be relatively increased, and the performance is better. The commutation of the inlet and outlet steam valves of the steam hammer can be controlled manually or automatically by the flange lever installed on the side of the hammer head and lifting with the hammer head. Both ways can adjust the impact stroke of the steam hammer.
5. Hydraulic hammer pile driver
It is a kind of new type pile driving machine which is started by diesel belt and driven by oil pressure and hydraulic pressure can be adjusted according to different soil quality to achieve proper impact force. Small and medium-sized hydraulic pile driver is often used for piling of highway guardrails and construction of highway guardrails. Similar pile driving equipment include: hydraulic pile driver, road pile driver, guardrail pile driver, and road drilling machine.
