The correct operation of the rig has a pivotal role, which can improve the performance of the rig, protect components, prevent hidden dangers, and reduce construction costs, reduce fuel, noise and emissions, and create benefits for customers.
The operation can be divided into three parts: auxiliary conditions, main conditions and detection
1. Deputy working conditions:
The transportation, assembly and disassembly of the drilling rig, and the positioning of the moving machine all belong to the auxiliary working conditions. Only when the auxiliary working conditions are prepared can the normal production of the main working conditions be ensured, the drilling speed can be increased, and hidden dangers can be prevented.
transport
1. Positioning:
Before getting on the pallet truck, first understand the overall width of the rig track after contraction, determine the width of the flatbed truck and the position of the ladder, you can know the position of the rig track should correspond to the ladder.
2. Board car:
The pallet truck should be parked on a spacious site or on a straight road to reserve a space for the rig to walk and locate, and at the same time prevent the vehicle from turning when traveling. The parking position of the pallet truck should be flat on the left and right, and the tilt of the pallet truck will cause the rig to slide to the lower side when driving on the pallet truck.
3. Ladder:
Understand the length of the ladder. The longer the ladder, the slower the slope. If the ladder is too short, you can choose a better terrain to make up. You can also cushion the sleepers under the front end of the ladder to slow down the slope of the ladder.
4. Operation
After the track and the ladder are aligned, the position of the whole vehicle can be ensured by paying attention to the position of one track during operation. The operation mode of the small flow should be continued when the vehicle is on the board, and the center of gravity can be moved backward by raising the amplitude, which can effectively prevent the track Skid, and constantly monitor the running conditions of the left and right crawlers. When the balance point is reached, the flow rate should be reduced and the speed should be continued. The rig should slowly move across the balance point and slowly fall on the pallet truck.
5. Lower board car
Relatively speaking, it is easier to get off the truck. The truck is parked on a hard flat road, and the small flow and low speed continue to drive. The amplitude is raised to move the center of gravity back. When the balance point is reached, the flow is slightly reduced and the rig falls slowly. On the ladder.
Assemble
Crawler telescoping: It is strictly forbidden to retract the crawler when the drill rig stands with drill rod. There are three ways to expand and contract the track:
① Direct expansion and contraction in a site with a small smooth friction coefficient
②If the friction resistance of the site or the sidewalk is large, you can operate the single-sided walking steering, with the help of the pull of the side walking steering and the internal thrust and the combined force of the telescopic cylinder, so that the crawler on one side can stretch or retract the cable
③When assembling the drilling rig, you can assemble the mast first, turn it on a 90° drop, and use the lower mast to suspend the crawler, so that the suspended crawler can stretch without any resistance. If you disassemble the rig, you should first remove the drill rod. Operable
bolt
The corresponding torque must be achieved when installing the bolts. There is a pin shaft on the mast bolt. When the bolt reaches the torque, the screw of the pin shaft will be elongated to achieve a pre-stress to prevent the bolt from falling off and damaging parts or accidents.
Pin
Some parts are connected with pins when assembling the drilling rig. Pay attention to the paint and chamfer on the pins when installing the pins. You can first use the pins and bushings to see if they are suitable. If they are not suitable, you should determine the location of the problem. And make corresponding treatments, such as installing the pin of the pressurized cylinder, pay attention to the position of the pin lock plate before installation, and use the point-touch fine adjustment method when operating the pressurized cylinder alignment.
Primary and secondary volumes
When pulling out the main and auxiliary coil wire ropes to prevent the main and auxiliary coils from winding, the auxiliary coil should be outside the main coil and only cross from right to left
Rope card
When installing the main reel rope card, pay attention to the rope card installation method. The rope card holder should be installed with the main rope end, and the U-shaped buckle of the rope card should be used to install the end of the wire rope. The distance between each rope card should be about 20CM. 5, when installing the rope clamp, try to maintain a vertical line, and use the afterburner to alternately apply torque when tightening the rope clamp screw until the elasticity of the wire rope cannot be compressed
Assemble the drill pipe
After the drill rod is completely lifted, slowly lower the amplitude, and then check the position of the drill rod tray. If the outer circumference of one side of the tray exceeds the drill rod more, you can hit the tray with a sledge hammer or other heavy objects, and then put the mast Straighten left and right, rotate the drill rod by hand to align the follower frame with the mast slide, raise the drill rod higher than the power head buffer device, then straighten the mast completely, pay attention to manual adjustment when adjusting the mast, can output small current and soft Control slowly to prevent inertial forces. After the mast is completely hung down, slowly lower the drill rod. Pay attention to the alignment of the drill rod drive key and the power head drive slot. After the drill rod falls into the power head, lift the power head. The rear mast can be manually controlled by small flow rate. When the angle is small, the pressure between the follower and the mast slide is small, resulting in low friction. Therefore, due to improper operation, it is easy to cause the follower to separate from the slide. As the angle increases, the friction resistance between the follower and the slide increases. Can use automatic drop mast.
Drop the mast: pay attention to three points when dropping the mast
1. The position of the power head, the position of the power head should be the docking position of the lower mast and the middle mast, this position can maintain the center of gravity of the drilling rig, and reserve the space for moving down the drill pipe
2. The position of the follower frame, the follower frame should be 1 meter to 1.5 meters beyond the mast support, the axial load strength of the mast is high, but the lateral load bearing is poor, the purpose is to protect the mast and the center of gravity
3. To prevent pressure on the cab, pay attention to the mast deviation when dropping the mast, otherwise the cab will be damaged! When the mast is dropped, the amplitude can be higher than that of the cab. You can also lower the amplitude and mast at the same time, monitor the remaining length and comparison of the two mast cylinder pistons through the side glass, and the distance between the mast and the cab, and adjust the leveling handle to prevent mast deviation.
Go
1. Center of gravity:
First determine the center of gravity of the rig, usually the rig is heavier than the last. Due to the unevenness of the site, the amplitude of the mast is adjusted when moving, the left and right angles of the mast, and the front and rear angles, and the vehicle is turned to maintain the center of gravity of the rig. After falling 5 to 10 degrees, the drill bucket or drill pipe can be driven about half a meter away from the ground, which can basically meet most of the road surface. When it is large, it is necessary to drop the mast completely.
2. Driving operation:
When operating, start with a small flow output and start at a low speed. After running, start with a large flow output and quickly drive. When stopping, reduce the flow rate to reduce the speed, reduce the inertial force, and then stop. Walk around and avoid turning sharply or turning around.
2. Main working condition:
The main working condition is mainly drilling. Because the drilling rig is constructed in concealed projects and the geology is variable, the main working condition requires more experience and technology. At the same time, there are more precautions.
Positioning
1. Crawler track: The location of the pile position should be clear before locating, and the site situation should be carefully observed. Flat terrain should be selected. It is convenient to move the machine and return the machine. The borrowing crawler is not only for bolstering the crawler, it is better to let the drilling rig be close to the horizontal state, which is helpful for operation control, especially the rotation and slag is very stable.
2. Piling: Piling is used to position the drilling machine and protect the barrel. There are two methods for nailing and guiding piles.
1. Center alignment: Draw 4 distance piles at random from a distance around the pile position, as long as the center of the cross line is aligned with the pile position, pull the cross line after the protective tube is installed, and measure the deviation distance of the protective tube. This nail placement method is simple and random, but it is only suitable for good geology and short casing.
2. Guide pile setting: Another method is to maintain a certain distance between the guide pile and the pile position. When the guard is lowered, the deviation can be calculated by subtracting the radius of the guard from the distance between the guide and the pile, so the current guard You can use a meter ruler to measure and direct the adjustment. When the guard tube is completely dropped into the hole, the positioning of the guard tube is basically completed. This method is a bit cumbersome, but the corresponding geological complexity is very helpful. It should be said that the long guard tube is helpful. The method is correct and the fastest.
Lower guard
1. Opening: Since there is no hole wall guide, the opening should be controlled by floating slow-feeding ruler, and it can be drilled by using the weight of the drill rod to prevent excessive opening deviation and affecting the positioning of the guard tube.
2. Reaming: The purpose of reaming is to embed the protective tube, so before reaming, you need to understand the diameter and length of the protective tube, check whether the length of the reamer can meet the requirements, and inform the auxiliary staff to use a ruler to measure the depth of the reaming . There are two methods for reaming:
①Expand the hole while drilling, this method has fine hole expansion and accurate positioning, suitable for most geology, but the load is large
② First drill into a certain depth and then use a reamer to ream the hole. This method is suitable for better formations and lower short casings. It is convenient and quick to load and light, but it is not suitable for complex formations, especially hard formations. Under normal circumstances, the diameter of the reaming hole should be 5 to 10 cm larger than the diameter of the protective cylinder, and the spacing between the protective cylinders is reserved.
3 Lower guard: The guard length used under normal circumstances is 2 to 3 meters, the diameter is greater than the pile diameter 20CM, the thickness of the steel plate used for the guard is more than 10MM, there must be a ring of reinforcement around the top of the guard, because the guard needs to be lifted Therefore, two circular holes need to be cut on the symmetrical sides of the top of the guard tube to make the hanging point. When cutting the two hanging points, they must be symmetrical and the height is the same. It is best to use two wire ropes of the same length to lift the guard tube. It can ensure the verticality and deviation of the protective tube. The bottom edge of the protective tube is pressed into the geology 10 to 20CM, the upper edge of the protective tube is 20CM higher than the ground, the deviation of the protective tube is within 5CM, and the vertical deviation of the protective tube is 1%.
Drilling
1. Geology: understand the type and distribution of geology before drilling. The main thing is the strength of geology. The geological limit bearing capacity, groundwater level, pile diameter and pile depth can be known only through geological reports and core sampling. Only after the geological conditions can the mud be prepared, equipped with drill rods and gears, using the corresponding operation mode.
2. Mud: Mud plays a role in protecting the drilling rig and ensuring the quality of hole formation. After understanding the geological report, according to the type and distribution of geological conditions, combining with the geological strength and the requirements of Party A to modulate the mud, the quality parameters of the mud include: viscosity, specific gravity And the sand content, the role of mud includes: wall protection, support, lubrication, suspension, cooling and buoyancy, the most important of which is the first two points of wall protection and support, the wall uses the viscosity of the mud, and the support uses the specific gravity of the mud, in most cases As long as the wall protection effect can be satisfied, the water itself has a specific gravity, and as the depth increases, the water pressure increases, so the water pressure in the protection tube is the lowest, so the protection tube uses a viscosity protection wall to compensate for the water pressure. Knowing why the mud wall protection is not good, it is easy to collapse around the protective tube. If the mud is not adjusted according to the geological requirements, it will cause collapse of holes, sedimentation, buried drilling, pinch drilling and other phenomena.
3. Drill rod: After understanding the geological situation, the drill rod is equipped according to the pile diameter and depth of the pile, and the strength of the geology. The drill rod has friction and machine lock points. The machine lock rod can drill high-strength geology, but the machine lock is required. To unlock and unlock, we must first understand the position and spacing of the machine lock points, combined with the depth of the currently drilled hole, and then lift or lower the power head to quickly find the lock point. When the machine is locked, the drill bucket needs to provide resistance. If the resistance of the drill bucket is less than the drill The friction force of the rod's own weight will cause the phenomenon of slipping and unable to lock the machine. Unlocking also requires resistance from the drilling bucket, so it is best to reverse and unlock when the drilling bucket has resistance. Reverse the premise to reduce the friction of the lock point of the machine, and the order of unlocking is from inside to outside, that is, starting from the drilling bucket , The last thing to unlock is the power head. When lifting the drill, the impact sound and lifting resistance of each drill rod can be used to determine whether each drill rod is retracted, so as to prevent the phenomenon of the rod. The friction drill pipe is mainly drilled into general geology, and provides frictional force through resistance. It has the characteristics of fast lifting and lowering speed, small chance of bringing the rod, and one more drill rod than the machine lock rod.
4. Drilling tools: the performance of the drilling rig, the capabilities of the team, and the skills of the manipulator finally condensed on the drill bucket, so it can be seen that the drill bucket is the most important. Drilling tools, using drilling tools, modifying drilling tools, only then can you become a qualified operator or after-sales engineer.
According to the type and strength of the geology, the drilling tools and gears are configured. For example, the most common double bottom fishing sand bucket, the use of picks becomes a double bottom into the rock, you can drill hard sandstone, gravel, and use treasure E-tooth can prevent falling off, breakage, and wear resistance, and can be suitable for drilling into the pebble layer. Under normal circumstances, the use of double bottom fishing sand and double bottom rock entry can meet most geological construction needs, and the resistance of the drilling bucket is mainly derived from the tooth and the leading tip, including the position of the side teeth, the left and right two groups of dog teeth are staggered, the tooth Angle, quantity, model and type, length, width and type of center pilot tip, size of slag inlet, etc.
5. Operation: As the drilling rig is constructed in a concealed project, it requires a wealth of experience to cope with various situations. Through drilling, smelling, and cutting methods, the geological changes, the conditions in the hole, and the changing of the operation mode, etc., are the only ones In order to drill at the fastest speed and prevent hidden dangers.
1. Hope: It is observation. Since the power head uses a variable motor, the rotation speed changes with the load. Therefore, the rotation speed of the drill rod can be seen to know the load condition. The mud flow rate on the drill rod when lifting the drill to know the mud condition. Observe the geological conditions around the casing, and also observe whether the mud in the casing is bubbling and flowering, and whether there is sand on the girder of the drill bucket. The difference between the depth after the second drilling and the depth when lifting the drill, These are all phenomena that can reflect whether there are signs of hole collapse. Observe the type of muck that is poured out when the muck is poured, and the safety of the drill pipe pin. Observe whether the hook is fully tightened when the bucket door is closed.
2. Smell: Listen carefully. During operation, the sound changes with the change of the power head and the main hoisting load. Therefore, the sound can be used to know the geological changes and abnormal conditions, and the corresponding response can be made immediately. At the same time, you can also listen to the sound of the engine and the hydraulic system to monitor the operation of the drilling rig in real time. When lifting or lowering the drill rod, each section of the drill rod will make an impact sound when it is placed or retracted.
3. Cut: Feel the vibration. In the process of rotary drilling, the load and vibration caused by different geology and its corresponding changes, combined with the load and vibration, you can know the geological situation in the hole, so as to make different operations. The first time to determine the geological changes in the hole, the operation method and the depth of drilling will also change. If each kind of geology is an operation method, it will definitely affect the drilling speed and even difficult to drill.
6. Operation control: Only four actions can be controlled when operating the main working conditions of the drilling rig: pressurization mode, speed, float and engine speed.
1. Compression method: According to the different types and strengths of geological conditions, as well as the pile diameter and the drill pipe used, the compression methods are divided into: continuous compression, point compression, intermittent continuous compression, and pressure back pressure , Point pressure after continuous pressure.
2. Rotational speed of drill pipe: low-speed drilling can be used when drilling in the stratum with high vibration; medium-speed can be used when drilling in the mud or sand egg layer; high-speed can be used for drilling the stratum without small vibration load.
3. Floating: floating point can be used when drilling; normal floating can be used when drilling normally; floating can be used after drilling into the highly weathered and easily deviated hole formation.
4. Engine speed: Match the engine output power according to the load. Therefore, adjusting the engine speed to adjust the output power of the engine and pump can effectively protect the rig components and save fuel, vibration and noise.
3. Inspection and maintenance:
The rotary drilling rig not only needs real-time monitoring during the drilling process, but also needs to be inspected and maintained after the shutdown and before the startup. The purpose is to eliminate hidden dangers and maintain the performance of the drilling rig.
Visual inspection
Before starting the machine, if it is a Carter chassis, it can automatically detect the liquid level. If other chassis need to detect the hydraulic liquid level, the engine oil level, and the engine cooling state, the cooling liquid level can also be detected. Check the remaining amount of diesel through the instrument, and check the chassis or the ground Check whether there is leakage of liquid in each part, visually inspect the wear of the steel wire rope, whether there is puncture and strand breaking, and whether there are cracks in each welding part.
Hand test
Before starting the machine every day, the mast should be dropped. Check the connecting bolts of the middle mast and the upper mast, the connecting bolts of the hanging anchor frame and the mast, the slewing support bolts and pins of the follower frame, fix the pressurized cylinder bolts, and the extractor pins. Rope screw, pressurized cylinder pin, etc., through hand test to check whether the bolt is loose, the pin lock piece or the lock wire is loose, turn the lifter by hand to see if it is flexible.
Inspection and maintenance
Even if the drilling rig is busy in production, it needs to stop for a short time after the final hole or before opening the hole for simple maintenance. The first is to inject grease to several heavy-load frequently used parts, such as the main winch bearing, the lifting, the main pulley, Slewing support, mast luffing cylinder bearings, etc., need to clear the oil-water separator every day, clean the bottom of the diesel tank every three days, check the wear of the drill bucket, if the wear is heavy, you can repair the weld, check the drill pin and the square head of the drill rod Welding parts, check the connecting pins and bolts of the hook of the bucket and the top cylinder, and check the lock wire of the rotating shaft at the bottom of the bucket. Grease can be slightly applied to the mast slide and the main coil wire rope.
