Loader is one of the more widely used construction machinery. We are everywhere in life. So, what knowledge do we not know about such a commonly used loader? This article focuses on the basic overview, principle, classification and use of the loader. Let ’s take a look!
Loader is a kind of earthwork construction machinery widely used in highway, railway, construction, hydropower, port, mine and other construction projects. It is mainly used for shoveling bulk materials such as soil, sand, lime, coal, etc. , Hard soil, etc. for light shoveling. Replacing different auxiliary working devices can also carry out bulldozing, lifting and other materials such as wood loading and unloading operations.
Loaders can be divided into tire loaders, crawler loaders, etc., which have the advantages of fast operation speed, good maneuverability, and easy operation. Therefore, they have developed rapidly and become the main machinery in earthwork construction.
The structural principle of the loader:
As an organic whole, the performance of the loader is not only related to the performance of the mechanical parts of the working device, but also related to the performance of the hydraulic system and control system. Power system: The original power of the loader is generally provided by the diesel engine. The diesel engine has the characteristics of reliable operation, hard power characteristic curve, fuel economy, etc., which meets the requirements of the loader's harsh working conditions and variable loads. Mechanical system: mainly includes walking device, steering mechanism and working device. Hydraulic system: The function of this system is to convert the mechanical energy of the engine to the fuel using a fuel pump, convert it into hydraulic energy, and then transmit it to the cylinder, oil motor, etc., to convert it into mechanical energy. Control system: The control system is a system that controls the engine, hydraulic pump, multiple directional valve and actuator. The hydraulic control drive mechanism is a device that converts tiny power electrical energy or mechanical energy into powerful power hydraulic energy and mechanical energy in the hydraulic control system. It consists of hydraulic power amplification components, hydraulic actuators and loads, and is the core of static and dynamic analysis in hydraulic systems.
Loader classification:
1. Divided by walking mode:
(1) Crawler type: the grounding ratio is low and the traction is large, but the driving speed is slow and the transfer is not flexible
.
(2) Tire type: fast driving speed, flexible maneuverability, can be driven on urban roads, easy to use.
2. According to the fuselage structure:
(1) Rigid structure: The turning radius is large, but the driving speed is fast.
(2) Articulated structure: the turning radius is small, and it can work in a narrow place.
3. Divided by the way of rotation:
(1) Full rotation: It can work in a narrow field, and there is no strict requirement for the parking position of the machine when discharging.
(2) 90 ° rotation: it can be unloaded at any position within the semicircle, and it can also play a role in a narrow field.
(3) Non-slewing type: requires a wider operating site.
4. According to the transmission mode:
(1) Mechanical transmission: The traction force cannot change automatically with the change of external load, which is inconvenient to use.
(2) Hydraulic mechanical transmission: the traction force and the speed of the vehicle vary widely, and as the external resistance increases, the speed of the vehicle can automatically decrease. Hydraulic mechanical transmission can reduce impact, reduce dynamic load and protect the machine.
(3) Hydraulic transmission: It can make full use of engine power, reduce fuel consumption and increase productivity, but the speed range of the vehicle is narrow and the vehicle speed is low.
Loader uses:
The loader is mainly used for shoveling, loading, unloading, soil transportation and bulk materials such as rock, and can also be used for light shoveling of rock and hard soil. If you change a different working device, you can also complete the work of bulldozing, lifting, loading and unloading other materials. In highway construction, it is mainly used for filling and excavation of subgrade works, aggregate and loading of asphalt and cement concrete yards.
