1. Operation technology.
First, confirm the surrounding conditions. During rotary operation, be aware of the surrounding obstacles and terrain, and operate safely. During operation, confirm the front and rear direction of the crawler to avoid overturning or impact. Try not to face the final drive to the excavation direction, otherwise it is easy to damage the traveling motor or hose. During operation, ensure that the left and right crawlers are in full contact with the ground to improve the dynamic stability of the whole machine.
2. Effective mining methods.
When the bucket cylinder and connecting rod, stick cylinder and stick form 90 degrees to each other, the excavation force is the largest. When the bucket tooth and the ground maintain an angle of 30 degrees, the excavation force is the best, that is, the soil cutting resistance is the smallest. When excavating with the stick, ensure that the angle range of the stick is between 45 degrees in the front and 30 degrees in the back. Using the boom and bucket at the same time can improve the excavation efficiency.
3. Rock excavation.
Excavating rocks with a bucket will cause great damage to the machine, which should be avoided as far as possible. When it is necessary to excavate, the excavator maintenance position of the machine body should be adjusted according to the crack direction of the rock, so that the bucket can shovel in smoothly and excavate. Insert the bucket teeth into the rock cracks, and excavate with the excavation force of the bucket rod and bucket (pay attention to the slippage of the bucket teeth). The rock that has not been broken should be broken first, and then excavate with the bucket.
4. Slope leveling operation.
During plane trimming, the machine should be placed flat on the ground to prevent the body from shaking. It is very important to grasp the action coordination of boom and stick, and control their speed for plane trimming.
5. Loading operation.
The machine body shall be in a horizontal and stable position, otherwise it is difficult to accurately control the slewing unloading, so as to prolong the operation cycle time. The machine body and the truck shall be kept at an appropriate distance to prevent the tail of the machine body from colliding with the truck during 180 degree slewing. Try to install it by left slewing, which has a wide field of vision and high operation efficiency. At the same time, it is necessary to correctly grasp the rotation angle to reduce the time for slewing. The position of the truck is lower than that of the excavator, In order to shorten the boom lifting time and have a good line of sight, first load sand and gravel, and then put the excavator to repair and place large stones, so as to reduce the impact on the trunk.
1、 Excavator fuel.
The fluidity of diesel will deteriorate and the viscosity will increase in cold weather, which is easy to cause engine failure. Therefore, diesel must be selected according to the local minimum temperature.
The basis for classifying diesel oil grades is the freezing point of diesel oil. At present, light diesel oil used in China is divided into seven grades according to the freezing point:.
10# diesel: suitable for high-speed diesel engines with preheating equipment.
5# diesel: suitable for use when the temperature is above 8 ℃.
0# diesel: suitable for use when the temperature is between 8 ℃ and 4 ℃.
-10# diesel: suitable for use when the temperature is between 4 ℃ and - 5 ℃.
-20# diesel: suitable for use when the temperature is between - 5 ℃ and - 14 ℃.
-35# diesel: suitable for use when the temperature is between - 14 ℃ and - 29 ℃.
-50# diesel: it is suitable for use when the temperature is between - 29 ℃ and - 44 ℃ or lower. It is recommended that the engine friends pay more attention to the weather forecast. The excavator repair shop selects different grades of fuel according to the appropriate temperature. If possible, the diesel filter and oil filter also need to be changed more frequently.
2、 The excavator cannot be started.
The excavator can not be started in winter after other fault causes are eliminated. There are the following common problems.
1. Battery power loss.
Winter is also very important for battery maintenance. The safest way is to remove the battery after work and store it in a cool and dry place.
2. The number of revolutions is not high.
The low speed is mainly due to insufficient preheating. The usual preheating is divided into air preheating and combustion chamber glow plug heating. Before starting the excavator, generally preheat for 5-10 minutes before starting the excavator.
3. The cooling water is frozen.
This problem can be avoided by discharging the cooling water before it is frozen. Before flameout, run at idle speed. When the cooling water temperature drops below 60 ℃, turn off the engine and drain the water. Fill the discharged water in a bucket and put it in the cab. It is also possible to add it the next day.
