Working principle of excavator
Before talking about how to save fuel, let's first understand the principle of excavator's digging force.
The digging force is generated by the force of the arm and bucket cylinder. The red arrow in the figure represents the force of the arm cylinder, and the blue arrow represents the force of the bucket cylinder. The two forces form a parallelogram. Force is generated.
Taking different buckets of the Caterpillar 323DL excavator as examples, the length of the stick, the radius and width of the bucket tip, and the type of bucket teeth ultimately determine the cutting force of the bucket blade.
The length of the excavator arm determines the size of the excavator's digging force. In the actual work of the operator, the excavator is equipped with a short arm, which is suitable to be equipped with a larger bucket, so that the digging force is greater; if equipped with a longer arm, the digging range will be controlled more.
Many new users will think that the larger the bucket of the excavator, the faster the work and the higher the work efficiency. In fact, this is a misunderstanding. The bucket capacity is determined according to the capacity of the bucket. Generally, the capacity of the bucket capacity is determined by the trapezoid shown at B in the figure. However, due to different materials, the loading capacity in actual work is also different. For example, wet clay, the bucket digging coefficient of this material may reach 100-110%, but for some stones, the bucket capacity coefficient is relatively low.
For new entrants, bucket capacity is one of the important working parameters. For specific options, see "Definition of Excavator Bucket Capacity and Bucket Bar Excavation Force".
The user should select the appropriate bucket according to the working conditions. Caterpillar 名媛直播 are taken as an example. Caterpillar 名媛直播 include three buckets.
The general purpose bucket (GP) is mainly used for small impact and medium corrosive materials, such as soil, gravel, clay.
Heavy buckets (HD) are mainly used for moderately corrosive materials such as concrete, clay and stones.
Heavy rock buckets are more suitable for more severe conditions, such as hard rocks, heavy rocks that can be quickly loaded, gravel and granite.
Based on these three buckets, Caterpillar also has two special buckets, light buckets and penetrating buckets.
The light bucket is mainly for earthwork. This bucket is very light and saves fuel and abrasion in actual work.
The heavy-duty rock bucket is a type of bucket that is more wear-resistant than the heavy-duty rock bucket. Suitable for very severe working conditions and long service life.
The user should choose the bucket according to his actual situation. For specific selection principles, please refer to "Selecting the Excavator Bucket That Is Suitable for Your Operation".
In addition to buckets, the choice of bucket teeth also has a lot of knowledge. Penetrating bucket teeth are more wear-resistant, which can improve efficiency and save fuel in actual work.
Fuel-saving tips for loading excavators
Many users think that the excavator can dig any way. Although the excavator has a wide range of performance, sometimes doing "useless work" just increases fuel consumption. Why must the fuel that is saved be consumed?
Loading skills
According to a comprehensive comparison of data, backhoe excavators work on high platforms than on flat ground, and the same fuel efficiency is at least 20% higher, so the excavator is not like some users think that they can dig as much as they want. It should be suitable for the local conditions. In this way, the purpose of saving fuel can be achieved.
So how high is the most suitable platform? The platform height data is determined by the length of the stick. The distance between the two pins is the ideal height.
In order to save fuel, in addition to the control of working height and distance, there is the cycle time of excavation. Each bucket is controlled between 24 seconds and 28 seconds, and 4-6 buckets are filled to a full car, and the time is less than 2 minutes. And the bucket full factor is controlled at 80-110%, and each bucket is dug as much as possible. During the excavation process, the number of rotations should be reduced as much as possible, and the rotation angle should be reduced to less than 60 degrees. Although the excavator's rotation range can be controlled by itself, the useless rotation range only consumes fuel and has no effect on improving work efficiency.
Excavator positioning
Many machines are very daring. You can often see the operator digging from left to right or right to left with a bucket. In fact, the correct digging method should be digging from right to left because the excavator cab is on the left. , Digging from right to left, with the boom on the right, the sight will be better, which is conducive to the start of the excavation work.
Arrangement of trucks and excavators
When the excavator excavates and loads, the placement of the truck and the excavator is also a science. There are two ideal loading methods.
The first is the side plate type. While the excavator is digging, the two trucks are reversed and loaded alternately, and the excavator is loaded across the truck's side panel. This method has sufficient digging range, and the angle of swing and rotation is small.
The second way is "pass-through". After a truck was loaded, a truck drove up to the top immediately. This method has a short change time, and is suitable for a small number of trucks. It can be loaded immediately with a slightly large swing.
Fuel-saving tips for loaders
The loader can be loaded by a method called "V-type loading method". The loader is facing the pile, the truck and the loader are at a 45 ° angle. When the loader is loading, lift the bucket, so that it can give the front The pressure of the wheel increases the friction and the driving force is stronger. After the bucket is full, the loader reverses the tires by 1.5 turns to form a V-shaped load.
Fuel-saving tips for bulldozer work
Really efficient bulldozing is low speed and high load. Minimize the number of bulldozing and make the most of the theoretical traction.
In the actual process, the groove type bulldozing method can be applied: the optimal working distance of the bulldozer is 50 meters. If the distance is too long, the material pushed by the bulldozer will be scattered. In this case, the principle of the groove can be used to make the material more concentrated.
When the bulldozer is working, it first pushes a groove out, and then the bulldozer leans back a bit, and then uses the groove formed in the front to carry out bulldozing operation, and it can help to keep the material and improve work efficiency.
In terms of road design, the slope of general roads should not exceed 10%, and the slope should be as consistent as possible. Frequent gear shifting of the machine will waste time and oil, and the road surface is also an aspect of saving fuel.
Prone errors at work
In actual work, many operators will make many errors. Avoiding such errors in work can improve work efficiency and save fuel. Here are some of the common mistakes people make.
Error one
The error of this operation method is to put the drive wheels in front. This method will wear the crawler track for a long time and shorten the walking life by 3-4 times.
Error two
This method has relatively low working efficiency. Good habits should be developed when working. When digging, the driving wheel is placed backward, the guiding wheel is facing outward, the driving wheel is heavy, and the price is expensive. If it is placed rearward, it has stability and can prevent being stoned. Smashed, there is a buffer spring in front of the guide wheel, and bumping against the stone can cushion it.
The digging angle of the excavator is also very important. The digging force has a most effective range. The angle between the forearm and the boom is too small, which is not conducive to force, and the loading efficiency is too high.
Error three
The bucket was not reinforced at all, or it was over-reinforced with too many teeth. Many users like to reinforce the bucket very much. After strengthening, the bucket will be very wear-resistant, but it will burn more oil. In fact, it is wrong to overprotect and not protect.
Saving fuel requires the operator to spend every effort on every detail. Maybe just thinking about one action can make the work more funny. This is a long-term persistent work. It is rare to make a job easy. A job that has been done thousands of times.
