1. Minimize the impact of harmful factors
(1) Reduce the influence of mechanical impurities
Mechanical impurities generally refer to dust, soil and other non-metallic substances and some metal shavings and wear 名媛直播 produced by the construction machinery itself during use. Once these impurities enter the interior of the machine and reach between the mating surfaces of the machine, the harm is great. Not only will the relative motion be blocked, the wear of the parts will be accelerated, but also the mating surface will be scratched, the lubricant film will be damaged, and the temperature of the parts will rise. High, deterioration of lubricating oil.
According to the measurement, when the mechanical impurities in the lubrication increase to 0.15%, the wear speed of the first piston ring of the engine will be 2.5 times greater than the normal value; when the rolling shaft enters the impurity particles, its life will be reduced by 80% -90%. Therefore, for construction machinery working in a place with harsh environment and complex conditions, one must use high-quality, matching parts and components, lubricating oil, and grease to block the source of harmful impurities; second, do a good job of mechanical protection on the job site , To ensure that the corresponding mechanism can work normally, to prevent various impurities from entering the machine. As far as possible, repair the machinery that has failed to the regular repair place.
During on-site repairs, protective measures should also be taken to prevent the parts replaced during on-site repairs from being contaminated by dust and other impurities before entering the machine.
(2) Reduce the influence of temperature
In operation, the temperature of each component has its own normal range. For example, the temperature of the general cooling water is 80-90 ℃, and the temperature of the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic transmission system is 30-60 ℃. If it is below or exceeds this range, it will accelerate the wear of the parts, cause the deterioration of the lubricating oil, and cause the material properties to change. Tests have shown that the main transmission gears and bearings of various construction machinery run in -5 ℃ lubricating oil, compared with 3 ℃ lubricating oil, the wear is increased by 10-12 times. However, when the temperature is too high, it will accelerate the deterioration of the lubricating oil. For example, when the temperature of the engine oil exceeds 55-60 ℃, the oxidation rate of the engine oil will be doubled every time the oil temperature increases by 5 ℃. For this reason, during the use of construction machinery, one must prevent overload operation at low temperatures, ensure normal operation at the low-speed preheating stage, and allow the machine to run or work after reaching the specified temperature, and do not ignore it because there are no problems at that time. Important role; Second, it is necessary to prevent the machine from running at high temperature. During the operation of the machine, it is necessary to frequently check the values on various temperature gauges. If a problem is found, the machine is immediately shut down for inspection and the fault is eliminated in time. For those who can't find the reason for a while, they must not work with the machine without treatment. In normal work, pay attention to check the working condition of the cooling system. For water-cooled machinery, it must be checked before working every day, add cooling water; for air-cooled machinery, the air-cooled system must also be cleaned regularly
Dust, to ensure that the cooling air duct is smooth.
(3) Reduce various corrosion effects
The phenomenon that metal surface and surrounding medium are damaged by chemical or electrochemical action is called corrosion. This kind of corrosion will not only affect the normal operation of the external equipment of the machine, but also corrode the parts inside the machine. Such as rainwater, chemical substances in the air, etc., enter the interior of the machine through the external channels and gaps of mechanical parts, corrode the interior of the mechanical parts, accelerate mechanical wear, and increase mechanical failure. Because this corrosive effect is sometimes invisible and untouchable, it is easy to be ignored by the underpants, so it is more harmful. In use, management and operation personnel should take effective measures to reduce the impact of chemical corrosion on the machine according to the local weather conditions and air pollution at that time, and the focus is to prevent the intrusion of rainwater and air chemical components on the machine.
2. Guarantee normal working load
The size and nature of the working load of construction machinery have an important influence on the loss process of the machinery. In general, the wear of parts increases proportionally with the load. When the load on the part is higher than the average design load, its wear will increase. In addition, when the other conditions are the same, the stable load has less wear and tear, less failures, and lower life than the dynamic load. Tests have shown that when the engine is operated under an unstable load and when it is operated under a stable load, the wear of its cylinder will increase by a factor of two. Engines operating under normal load have a lower failure rate and longer life. On the contrary, the overloaded engine has a significantly increased incidence of failures, and the life expectancy will be reduced compared to the design target. The amount of mechanical wear that is often subject to large-scale load changes is greater than that of machines that work continuously and stably. Generally, the engine used by the generator has a longer life than the engine used by the bulldozer, excavator, etc.
Ensure normal working load depends on the operator's use of construction machinery. One should pay attention to not work under the maximum load that the machine can bear, and use the machine under the circumstances. As the construction machinery management personnel, when designating the operator, it is necessary to give the construction machinery random materials and operation manuals to the operator, so that they can normally control the mechanical properties and operation rules, and should not deduct the relevant information at will. Second, it is necessary to ensure that the mechanical load is evenly increased and decreased, so that the machine is in a relatively gentle load change. Specifically, it is necessary to increase and decrease the throttle more evenly to prevent the engine from ups and downs.
3. Guarantee reasonable lubrication of machinery
The grinders on the working surface of the parts, the corrosion of the surface of the parts and the aging of the materials are the three main forms of mechanical parts replacement under normal use conditions, and the failure caused by the wear of the working surface of the parts accounts for the largest proportion. In other words, mechanical wear is one of the main reasons for its various components to reach the limit of technical status. Then, solve the problem of wear of mechanical parts. In addition to using excellent materials, choosing advanced manufacturing processes, and designing a reasonable mechanical structure, an important task to be done during use is to ensure reasonable lubrication of the machinery. According to statistics, more than half of construction machinery failures are caused by poor lubrication.
Because of the precision of the cooperation of various parts of construction machinery, good lubrication can make it maintain a normal working gap and a suitable working temperature, thereby reducing the wear of parts and reducing mechanical failures. Normal and reasonable lubrication is one of the effective measures to reduce mechanical failure. To this end, the first is to choose a reasonable lubricant, according to the type of machinery and the structure of the application to choose the normal lubricant category, according to the requirements of the machine to select the appropriate quality group, according to the requirements of the machine to select the appropriate quality grade Choose the appropriate lubricant grade for the working environment of the machine and different seasons. In use, neither low-grade lubricants nor other types of lubricants can be used, and inferior 名媛直播 cannot be used. The second is to constantly check the quantity and quality of lubricants. Insufficient quantity should be added in time, and poor quality should be replaced in time. Under emergency conditions, those who use different types and brands of lubricant substitutes must clean the lubrication system afterwards and replace the normal lubricant in time.
4. Handle the faults in time
Construction machinery will inevitably have various failures during use. Among these faults, some of the faults may have a very small impact on mechanical equipment, and some of them are more serious, and may even cause a major accident of aircraft destruction and death. Experience has shown that serious mechanical failures are often caused by smaller failures. The reason is that it neglects the timely handling of small faults. Therefore, mechanical failures, regardless of size, should be eliminated in a timely manner, so as to maintain the normal performance of the machine and reduce the possibility of causing larger failures.
In a sense, to deal with the fault in time is an effective measure to reduce and prevent the fault. The so-called timely treatment is to carry out regular maintenance and repairs to the machinery in accordance with the maintenance and repair regulations. Various groups of maintenance and repairs must be performed as required. The existing various maintenance and repair specifications are a summary of many years of practical experience, which is scientific and reasonable. Without major technical progress and innovation, these regulations are absolutely instructive for the repair and maintenance of construction machinery. Sexuality must be followed. The second is to strengthen the regular and unscheduled inspections of construction machinery during the use process, to understand the operation status of the machinery in time, and to deal with the temporary failures in a timely manner, not to delay maintenance due to small failures that do not affect the use of the machine. Into a larger failure.
5. Take correct technical measures and organizational management measures
With the development of material science and design and manufacturing technology, many new technologies, new materials and new structures have been adopted in construction machinery, which requires the technical guarantee and management of machinery to be more scientific and complete.
As an organization manager and operator of construction machinery, we must pay attention to ensure that the machinery is protected from damage, deformation, corrosion, etc. during transportation and storage. Second, the daily maintenance work of the machinery must be strict to keep the machinery in good technical condition. The third is to educate operators to use and operate all kinds of construction machinery correctly to reduce and prevent mechanical failures caused by human error. Fourth, we must carefully maintain the machinery, and we must perform regular and unscheduled maintenance properly, keep the machinery clean and clean, regularly check the technical status of the machinery, find abnormalities and deal with them in a timely manner, and tighten and adjust the loose and unbalanced parts in time , Preventive replacement of some wearing parts.
