The battery has always been an indispensable part of the construction machinery equipment. The battery can supply power to the on-board electrical equipment; drive the starter motor and drive the engine to start. Today's construction machinery and equipment are equipped with batteries (commonly known as batteries), and some not only have a battery. The importance of batteries for excavators, I believe many friends are very clear. Today I will talk to you about the working principle of the battery, the precautions when using the battery, and the handling of common faults.
Types of batteries
Battery, scientific name: battery, it is a device to store electrical energy. The storage batteries are used in a wide range. In addition to being more common in motor vehicles, we can often see them in the fields of electricity and communications. The battery can convert electrical energy into chemical energy through the charging process and store it. When electric power is needed, the battery can convert the stored chemical energy into electrical energy and output it to the outside, and this conversion process is reversible for the battery .
Basic principles of battery work
Batteries can be divided into acid batteries and alkaline batteries according to the nature of the electrolyte. Acid batteries are relatively common. The electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid solution, while the electrolyte of alkaline batteries is potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. The battery commonly used in motor vehicles is a lead-acid battery. Its advantages are low price and good starting performance. The disadvantages are short service life and large volume and weight. In this article, we mainly introduce lead-acid batteries in detail.
According to the purpose of the battery can be divided into the following categories:
1. Starting battery: mainly used for automobiles, motorcycles, diesel engines, etc.
2. Fixed battery: mainly used for communication, power plants, computers, etc.
3. Traction battery: mainly used in battery cars, such as electric bicycles and electric vehicles.
Others include railway batteries and energy storage batteries.
Common automotive batteries are divided into three categories, one is the ordinary lead-acid battery, its plate is composed of lead and lead oxide, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The advantages of this kind of battery are cheap price and stable voltage. One type is dry-charged batteries. The advantage of this type of battery is that the negative plate has a high storage capacity. If the environment is completely dry, this battery can save the obtained power within two years. When using it, only need to add electrolyte After waiting for 20 ~ 30 minutes, you can use it directly. The other type is a maintenance-free battery. The advantage of this battery is that it does not need to supplement distilled water during its service life. In addition, it also has a series of advantages such as shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small size, and small self-discharge. And the service life of maintenance-free batteries is twice that of ordinary ordinary batteries, which is much higher than that of ordinary lead-acid batteries.
Essentials for daily use of batteries
Non-maintenance battery appearance
1. Ventilation holes are generally designed on the liquid filling hole cover of the battery. During normal use, these vent holes should be checked frequently and always ensured to be smooth. If the vent hole is not clear, during the charging and discharging process, the gas generated by the chemical reaction in the battery cannot be exhausted in time, which will cause the battery to explode, causing damage to the internal structure of the battery and causing unnecessary losses.
2. The pole of the battery should be kept clean, the connection of the power supply line should be firm, and the oxides at the pole and the connection line should be removed in time. The author said at the beginning of the article that if the connection is not strong or the pole is not in good contact with the wiring due to corrosion, it will have a great impact on charging and will reduce the service life of the battery.
3. Prevent battery short circuit. Special attention should be paid here that metal devices must not be placed on the battery, such as pliers, wrenches, screwdrivers and other commonly used metal tools, because the metal device is connected to the battery pole and grounded with the metal body, it will form a closed loop , Causing a short circuit in the battery, which burns the battery and causes the battery to be scrapped. In addition, if there is sewage or dirt on the battery, it should also be removed in time, because these debris will also cause the battery to short circuit and damage the battery.
4. The battery should regularly check whether the electrolyte is sufficient. Insufficient battery electrolyte will vulcanize the plates and reduce the battery capacity. In addition, another important reason for the vulcanization of the electrode plate is the insufficient storage of the battery, which will also cause the battery's electrical performance to decrease and shorten the service life.
5. Daily maintenance of battery. If the battery is not used for more than one week, the battery should be considered to be powered off. If the battery has a switch, the battery switch should be turned off.
