Abstract: Construction machinery is an indispensable and important equipment in modern industries such as construction, mining, and transportation. Due to the complex working environment and harsh working conditions, how to carry out scientific and effective maintenance has become the key to extending its service life and improving work efficiency. This article will explore in detail the maintenance and upkeep techniques of construction machinery from multiple aspects such as regular inspection, cleaning and maintenance, lubrication management, and operating standards, in order to help users extend the service life of construction machinery, reduce the occurrence of failures, and improve work efficiency. Regular inspection, cleaning, lubrication, standardized operation, preparation of spare parts, and technological upgrades are all crucial for extending the service life of equipment. Every user of construction machinery should take scientific and reasonable maintenance measures according to the specific requirements of the equipment. Through good maintenance management, not only can work efficiency be improved, but maintenance costs can also be reduced, saving a lot of capital investment for enterprises and ensuring the long-term efficient operation of construction machinery.
1, Regular inspection and fault prevention
Regular inspections are the foundation for maintaining construction machinery. Regular inspections can not only detect potential faults in a timely manner, but also prevent small problems from developing into major ones. The inspection should include the engine, hydraulic system, transmission system, cooling system, electrical system, etc. For most mechanical equipment, daily checks before and after work are necessary, including oil level, hydraulic oil level, coolant level, fuel system, air filter and other common components. Conduct more in-depth inspections every month or quarter, including replacement of hydraulic oil and engine oil, replacement of filter elements, and cleaning of the engine body.
For some important components, such as engines, hydraulic systems, etc., regular detailed inspections should be conducted to replace aging and worn parts in a timely manner. Through these inspections, early abnormalities can be detected in a timely manner, avoiding equipment failures caused by neglecting inspections and reducing maintenance costs.
2, Cleaning and environmental protection
Construction machinery works in complex environments for long periods of time and is often exposed to pollution sources such as dust, mud, and chemicals. It is recommended to regularly clean the equipment, especially the cooling system, radiator and other components, to prevent a decrease in heat dissipation efficiency and avoid damaging the engine or hydraulic system due to overheating.
In addition, construction machinery should avoid working in extreme environments. For example, in environments with high temperature, high humidity, or high dust concentration, it is easy to accelerate the aging and damage of mechanical components. Regularly clean the surface and external components of the machinery to ensure smooth cooling system and reduce the occurrence of mechanical failures.
3, Lubrication management
Lubrication is the key to maintaining smooth operation and reducing wear of construction machinery. Different types of lubricating oil or grease are required for different construction machinery equipment and components. The quality of engine oil, hydraulic oil, and gear oil directly affects the operating efficiency and service life of equipment.
Regularly changing engine oil and lubricating oil is one of the key points of maintenance work. Lubricating oil with deteriorated oil quality or excessive pollution can cause increased friction and wear of mechanical components, and even lead to equipment failure. During the lubrication process, special attention should be paid to checking the oil level and pressure to avoid damage caused by insufficient oil or abnormal pressure.
4, Operating standards and driving habits
The operation mode of construction machinery has a direct impact on the service life of the equipment. Reasonable and standardized operation can not only improve work efficiency, but also reduce equipment wear and failure. Operators should strictly follow the relevant regulations in the operation manual, such as avoiding overloading work, avoiding improper operations such as sudden acceleration and sudden braking, and reducing the impact on the equipment.
In addition, during the start-up and shutdown process of the equipment, the operator should follow certain steps, such as letting the engine idle before starting to ensure oil circulation. When shutting down, the workload should be stopped first, and the engine temperature should gradually decrease before turning off the engine.
5, Spare parts and maintenance tools
Construction machinery often experiences component wear during long-term high-intensity work. In order to avoid downtime caused by a lack of spare parts in the event of equipment failure, commonly used vulnerable parts such as filter cartridges, sealing rings, belts, hydraulic pipelines, etc. should be prepared.
At the same time, it is essential to have commonly used repair tools and maintenance equipment readily available. For example, tools and equipment such as torque wrenches, oil pumps, cleaning agents, lubricants, etc. can help operators quickly and efficiently complete daily maintenance work, reducing equipment downtime.
6, Technological upgrade and improvement
With the continuous development of technology, many construction machinery and equipment have gradually introduced intelligent and automation technologies. Regularly upgrading and improving equipment technology can enhance the working performance and energy-saving effect of machinery. Some devices support remote monitoring and fault diagnosis, which can timely detect potential problems and effectively prevent equipment failures.
By adopting new technologies and improving the working environment of equipment, unnecessary maintenance can be reduced and equipment operating efficiency can be improved.
