Abstract: Large scale construction machinery plays an important role in modern construction, mining, transportation construction and other fields. Due to its complex working environment, high professionalism and technical requirements are required for operation. Proper operation can not only improve work efficiency, but also extend the service life of equipment and reduce the occurrence of failures. This article will start with the operation skills and precautions of large construction machinery, introducing how to operate these equipment correctly and effectively, helping operators improve their work level and ensure construction safety. Operating large construction machinery requires a high level of professional skills and rigorous operating habits. Operators should ensure the safe and efficient operation of equipment through sufficient preparation, correct operating skills, and constant vigilance. Regular maintenance, reasonable load distribution, and compliance with safety operating procedures are effective measures to extend equipment life and reduce failures. In addition, operators should continuously improve their operational skills through continuous training and experience accumulation to cope with more complex work tasks. While ensuring the normal operation of the equipment, it is also important to always pay attention to safety and ensure the personal safety of oneself and others.
1, Preparation work before operation
Before operating large construction machinery, detailed inspection and preparation work must be carried out first. The following are the key preparation steps:
1. Familiar with operation manual: Each large machinery has a dedicated operation manual, and operators should carefully read it before operation to understand the basic performance, operation process, and safety requirements of the machinery.
2. Check the status of mechanical equipment: Check whether the mechanical equipment is in good working condition, including engine oil, hydraulic oil, fuel, battery power, air filter, etc. Ensure that all hydraulic and electrical systems are functioning properly to avoid minor malfunctions affecting equipment operation.
3. Check the working environment: Large construction machinery usually works outdoors, and the working environment needs to be evaluated before operation. Check if the ground is flat and sturdy, ensuring there are no obstacles or hazards to prevent accidents from occurring.
4. Wear personal protective equipment: When operating large machinery, operators must wear appropriate protective equipment such as helmets, protective goggles, earmuffs, safety boots, etc. to ensure their own safety.
2, Operation skills
The correct operating skills are the key to ensuring the efficient and safe operation of equipment. Here are some common operational techniques:
1. Smooth start and stop: When starting the machinery, do not accelerate immediately. Instead, let the engine idle for a few seconds and wait for the engine to stabilize before proceeding with the operation. When parking, avoid sudden braking by first stopping the equipment and then turning off the engine to prevent damage to mechanical components.
2. Maintain appropriate working speed: During operation, avoid overspeeding or rapid acceleration, and maintain the normal operating speed of the machinery. Especially during lifting or bulldozing operations, excessive speed can easily lead to excessive load and equipment damage.
3. Reasonable load distribution: Different construction machinery have different load capacities, and during operation, it is necessary to ensure reasonable load distribution to avoid exceeding the maximum load of the equipment. Overloading not only causes equipment failure, but also increases fuel consumption.
4. Avoid sudden operations: When operating the hydraulic system, sudden operations such as sudden turns, sudden braking, etc. should be avoided. This type of operation can easily cause excessive impact on the hydraulic system, resulting in damage to the hydraulic pump or valve of the equipment.
5. Efficient utilization of mechanical accessories: Large construction machinery is usually equipped with various accessories, such as buckets, cranes, and boom cranes. When performing multiple tasks, it is important to make reasonable use of different attachments and switch between them according to the needs of the task to improve work efficiency.
3, Common operating precautions
When operating large construction machinery, in addition to mastering basic operating skills, it is also necessary to pay attention to the following:
1. Avoid overloading operations: Many large construction machinery are designed with maximum load-bearing capacity, and overloading operations not only exacerbate equipment wear, but may also lead to serious damage to mechanical components. Therefore, the operator must ensure that the maximum load limit of the equipment is not exceeded.
2. Regular inspection and maintenance: Regularly inspect the hydraulic system, power system, electrical system, and lubrication system of the machinery to ensure that all components are working properly. Regularly replace engine oil, hydraulic oil, etc., clean air filters and cooling systems to improve equipment efficiency.
3. Pay attention to safety operating procedures: During the operation of large construction machinery, operators should always pay attention to the surrounding environment and equipment status, avoid blind operation, and prevent safety accidents from occurring. For example, when carrying out lifting operations, attention should be paid to the balance of the lifted object to avoid accidents caused by the shaking of the lifted object.
4. Training and certification: The operation of large construction machinery requires certain skills and knowledge, and operators must undergo professional training and hold relevant operation certificates. During the training process, operators need to learn and master the operating procedures, troubleshooting methods, and safety operation knowledge of the equipment.
5. Avoid long-term high load operations: Long term overload or high-intensity operations can easily cause equipment to overheat, leading to the degradation of lubricating oils such as hydraulic oil and engine oil, which in turn affects equipment performance. Therefore, operators should arrange their work time reasonably and avoid continuous long-term operation.
6. Adapting to harsh working environments: Large construction machinery often works in complex environments such as construction sites or mines, and operators need to adapt to harsh working environments such as high temperatures, dust, and low temperatures. Equipment should be cleaned regularly to avoid external environmental factors affecting its normal operation.
4, Troubleshooting and Emergency Response
Although operators may be cautious and careful in their daily work, equipment may malfunction due to various external factors. Here are some common faults and emergency response methods:
1. Hydraulic system failure: The hydraulic system is one of the core components of large construction machinery. If there are problems such as insufficient hydraulic pressure or oil leakage, the operation should be stopped immediately, the hydraulic oil pipeline and valves should be checked, and damaged parts should be replaced if necessary.
2. Engine overheating: If the engine temperature is too high, it may be a problem with the cooling system. The coolant level and radiator should be checked to ensure they are clean and unobstructed. If necessary, wait for cooling before continuing to work.
3. Electrical system failure: Electrical system failures typically manifest as issues such as engine failure to start and low battery power. At this time, the battery level and line contact should be checked to identify the source of faults in the electrical system.
