Abstract: In general, the mechanical equipment necessary for comprehensive mechanized construction projects such as earthwork construction, road construction and maintenance, mobile crane loading and unloading operations, and various construction projects is called engineering machinery. It is mainly used in transportation construction, industrial construction and production, mining and other raw material industrial construction and production, agriculture, forestry and water conservancy construction, civil construction, urban construction, environmental protection and development, and other fields. What are the classifications of construction machinery? How to distinguish the authenticity of imported mechanical parts? Let's learn about it together below.
catalogue
What are the classifications of construction machinery
Principles for selecting construction machinery
How to distinguish the authenticity of imported mechanical parts
Maintenance of construction machinery
Maintenance level
Maintenance Techniques
Types of engineering machinery failures
Common Faults
Consequences of malfunction
Engineering machinery equipment insurance
What is included
The parts that cannot be guaranteed
What are the classifications of construction machinery
1. Excavation machinery
Including excavators, loaders, tunnel boring machines, shield tunneling machines, etc.
2. Crane machinery
Including tower cranes, tires, tracks, masts, cables, grab buckets, pipeline cranes, winches, and construction elevators.
3. Soil shoveling and transportation machinery
Including bulldozers, scrapers, loaders, graders, transport vehicles, flatbed trucks, and dump trucks.
4. Compaction machinery
Including static roller, vibratory roller, multi hammer roller, impact roller, tire roller, and compactor.
5. Pile driving machinery
Including pile driving hammer, pile driving frame, pile driving hammer, pile driving frame, pile driver, and drilling machine.
6. Reinforcement and prestressing machinery
Including steel reinforcement, processing, welding machinery, prestressing processing machinery and equipment, etc.
7. Concrete machinery
Including concrete mixer, mixing plant, mixing station, mixing and conveying truck, conveying pump, sprayer, pouring machine, and vibrator.
8. Road machinery
Including asphalt spreaders, asphalt concrete spreaders, concrete spreaders, concrete compactors, milling machines, soil mixers, stone chip spreaders, etc.
9. Decoration machinery
Including mortar preparation and spraying machinery, ground finishing machinery, decoration lifting platforms and baskets, handheld equipment, etc.
10. Rock drilling machinery and pneumatic tools
Including various rock drills, rock drilling rigs, pneumatic tools, etc.
11. Forklift truck
Including various forklifts and loading and unloading machinery.
12. Railway line machinery
It is a specialized machinery for railway line construction and maintenance. Including tamping machines, track lifting machines, screening machines, comprehensive trains for line maintenance, and other line maintenance machinery.
Principles for selecting construction machinery
Consider adaptability, progressiveness, universality and specificity.
The principles to be followed when selecting construction machinery for construction:
1. Construction machinery and equipment can only be selected from existing or potentially available machinery and equipment.
Although a certain mechanical equipment is theoretically advantageous for shortening the construction period and saving manpower, if it cannot be obtained, it cannot be used as an alternative solution.
2. The type of mechanical equipment should be considered in accordance with the construction conditions.
Construction conditions refer to the geological, topographical, engineering quantity, and construction progress of the construction site, especially the engineering quantity and construction progress, which are important basis for the rational selection of mechanical equipment.
How to distinguish the authenticity of imported mechanical parts
1. Identify from the outer packaging
Identification based on packaging is an important procedure for verifying the authenticity of imported accessories. The packaging of pure components and accessories from professional foreign manufacturers is exquisitely made, with certain rules for color, pattern, and style, which are generally difficult to replicate. The imitation packaging is relatively rough and easy to distinguish.
2. Identify by product quality
Identifying imported mechanical components based on product quality is the most critical step in determining the authenticity of genuine parts. Check if the surface processing of the product is fine and if the color is normal. Check the labeling on the product. Pure imported parts are printed with brand markings, part numbers, and specific codes. Some 名媛直播 are also engraved with the manufacturer and country of production. Measure the size of the product through specialized work to see if it meets the requirements.
3. Distinguish from product prices
The difference between genuine parts, professional factory parts, domestic parts, and imitation 名媛直播 is significant for the same accessories. The price of pure components is the highest, followed by professional factories, while the price of domestic parts and imitations is the lowest. The price of pure components can generally exceed that of counterfeit parts by one or two times, and some even more; Foreign professional supporting factory parts are slightly lower than pure parts from complete machine factories.
4. Analyze based on purchasing channels
At present, there are many channels for purchasing, but there are only two aspects: one is to directly import from abroad, and the other is to purchase from distributors. Accessories imported directly from foreign complete machine factories and parts matching factories have guaranteed quality. If the accessories are purchased from distributors or re exported from Hong Kong and Macau, they should be identified according to the above methods. In addition, all engineering machinery parts imported directly from abroad have purchase contracts, bills of lading, waybills, packing lists, and invoices. If purchasing accessories from an importing company, they can present the above procedures; otherwise, it can be judged as non imported genuine 名媛直播.
Maintenance of construction machinery
Maintenance level
1. First level maintenance
The first level maintenance work is carried out on the basis of routine maintenance, with a focus on lubricating, fastening, and inspecting relevant parts, as well as cleaning the "three filters" (i.e. cleaning the air, oil, fuel filters, etc.). The first level maintenance is guided by the mechanical team leader and completed by the mechanical operators.
2. Secondary maintenance
The second level maintenance work focuses on inspection and adjustment. Specifically, it is necessary to check the working conditions of the engine, clutch, gearbox, transmission mechanism, steering and braking mechanism, working device, hydraulic system, and electrical system, and make necessary adjustments to eliminate any faults found, ensuring that all mechanical assemblies and components have good working performance. The second level maintenance is assisted by mechanical operators to be completed by warranty personnel.
3. Third level maintenance
The key is to detect, adjust, eliminate potential faults and balance the wear and tear of various components. Diagnostic checks and status checks should be conducted on the parts that affect performance and have signs of malfunction, in order to complete necessary replacement, adjustment, and troubleshooting work. The third level maintenance requires comprehensive technical warranty personnel to use advanced testing instruments and tools to complete it.
Maintenance Techniques
1. It should be parked indoors in a dry place. Those who must stop outdoors should choose a flat ground and lay wooden boards on it. Cover with a cloth after parking.
2. Before long-term storage, the machinery must be maintained, damaged parts repaired, and thoroughly cleaned to maintain good technical condition.
3. The arrangement and layout of the airport should ensure that the entry and exit of any machinery are not affected by other machinery.
4. The mechanical fuel control lever should be placed in the idle position, and each control lever should be placed in the neutral position.
5. Change the engine oil. New engine oil is usually neutral and does not corrode the metal parts of the engine.
6. Fill the fuel tank with diesel to prevent rusting. If conditions permit, preservatives should also be added.
7. During the shutdown period, the engine should be started once a month to allow the machinery to travel short distances and establish a new oil film at the lubrication points of each component to prevent rusting. Attention should be paid: Before starting, the cooling water should be filled, and at the end, the cooling water should be drained completely.
8. The battery should be removed and placed in a dry and antifreeze place. To keep its surface clean and dry, it is strictly prohibited to place conductive objects on the battery.
9. Lead acid batteries should be charged once a month.
10. Before storage, the size of the peeling area of the anti rust paint on the outer surface should be used to determine whether to repair it by touch up painting or by repainting the entire machine.
Types of engineering machinery failures
Common Faults
1. Damaged faults: such as fracture, cracking, pitting, ablation, deformation, pulling, cracking, indentation, etc.
2. Degradation type faults: such as aging, deterioration, peeling, abnormal wear, etc.
3. Loose type fault: such as looseness, detachment, etc.
4. Imbalance type faults: such as high or low pressure, travel misalignment, excessive or insufficient clearance, interference, etc.
5. Blockage and leakage type faults: such as blockage, water leakage, air leakage, oil leakage, etc.
6. Performance degradation or functional failure modes: such as functional failure, performance degradation, overheating, etc.
Consequences of malfunction
1. Hidden fault consequences: Hidden faults do not have a direct impact, but they can lead to serious and often catastrophic multiple fault consequences.
2. Safety and environmental consequences: If the malfunction causes casualties, it has safety consequences; If a malfunction causes a company to violate industry, local, national, or international environmental standards, the malfunction has environmental consequences.
3. Usage consequences: If a malfunction affects production (output, product quality, after-sales service, or operating costs other than direct repair costs), it is considered to have usability consequences.
4. Non functional consequences: Classified in this category are obvious functional failures that do not affect safety or production, and only involve direct repair costs.
Engineering machinery equipment insurance
What is included
The comprehensive insurance coverage of construction machinery includes: the loss of machinery and equipment caused by external accidents such as fire and explosion, lightning strike, flood, rainstorm, typhoon, storm, tornado, debris flow, snow disaster, hail, ice and other natural disasters during construction. There are also accidental injuries caused to third parties during the construction process, as well as compensation for insured employees who suffer from injuries or deaths due to accidents during the construction process.
The parts that cannot be guaranteed
1. Material losses: for inherent defects, natural wear and tear, natural wear and tear, depreciation caused by market price changes, individual damage to components such as car lights and reversing mirrors, etc. of construction machinery.
2. Third party liability section: For natural disasters such as earthquakes and earthquake secondary disasters, lightning strikes, typhoons, floods, etc., third-party liability during equipment transfer, equipment during testing, repair, maintenance, seizure, requisition, confiscation, etc.
3. Employer's liability: For the expenses incurred by the insured's employees during treatment, such as accompanying expenses, meal expenses, nutrition expenses, transportation expenses, heating expenses, and air conditioning expenses.
