The attentions of excavator in special environment are as follows:
(1) upslope and downhill
1) when walking down a steep slope, use the walking stick and throttle lever to keep the low speed. When driving up or down the slope over 15 degrees, the bucket and arm should keep the angle of 90~110 degree, the distance from the back of the bucket is 20~30cm, and the engine speed is reduced.
2) if you want to brake when downhill, put the joystick in the middle position, so that the brake will work automatically.
3) on uphill walking, if the track plate is slippery, besides the driving force of caterpillar plate, we should use the pulling force of the bucket to help the machine up the slope.
4) if the engine is flameout when uphill, the walking stick can be moved to the middle position, and the bucket is lowered to the ground to stop the machine and then start the engine.
5) engine failure on ramps, prohibition of rotary operation to prevent superstructure from turning under its self weight.
6) if the machine is on the slope, do not open the cab door. This will cause sudden changes in the operating power and the cab door should always be closed.
7) when walking on a slope, do not change the direction of walking, otherwise it will cause the machine to roll over or slide. If it is necessary to change the direction of walking on the slope, it should be operated on a more gentle and stable slope.
8) avoid crossing the ramp because this may cause the machine to slip.
9) do not rotate when working on the slope, because this easily causes the machine to roll over and slide because of losing balance. The slewing and operating arms should be carefully carried out at low speeds.
(2) work on the muddy water and the soft ground
1) if the river bed is flat and the water velocity is slow, the depth of operation in the water should be below the centerline of the chain wheel. If the condition of the river bed is not good and the flow speed is fast, it must be paid attention to, do not invade the water or sand into the revolving supporting mechanism, the rotary pinion, the central rotary joint, etc. If water or sand enters into large rotating bearing, rotary pinion, large gear ring and central rotary joint, the grease or large rotary bearing should be replaced immediately. The operation should be suspended and repaired in time.
2) when the ground is running on soft ground, the ground may collapse one by one.
3) when working on soft ground, it should be careful not to exceed the depth of the machine.
4) when a single track is caught in mud water, the crawler can be lifted by using the boom, bucket and bucket, and then the plank or log should be padded to allow the machine to exit. If necessary, a plank is also placed underneath the shovel. When the working device is used to lift the machine, the angle between the boom and the rod should be 90~110 degrees, and the bottom of the bucket should always be contacted with the muddy ground.
5) when both sides of the caterpillar are in mud water, the wooden board should be placed according to the above method, the bucket anchor in the ground (the bucket teeth of the bucket is inserted into the ground), and then the bucket rod is pulled back, while the walking lever is placed in the forward position to pull out the excavator.
6) if the machine is stuck in the mud and cannot be separated from its own strength, the steel cables with sufficient strength are fastened firmly to the frame of the body, and the thick wooden boards are placed between the cables and the walking frames so as not to damage the cables and the body, and then drag them up with another machine. The holes on the walking frame are used for pulling lighter objects, and must not be used to pull heavy objects, otherwise the holes will burst and cause danger.
7) when working in muddy water, if the connecting pin of the working device is immersed in water, grease should be added after each completion. For heavy haul operations or deep excavation operations, grease must be continuously added to the working device before each operation. Every time after adding grease, operate the boom, bucket and bucket several times, then add grease until the old grease is squeezed.
(3) work in the seashore area
Before operation, check whether the plug, drain valve and lid are loose, and tighten if loose. If necessary, add proper amount of grease to the electrical equipment to prevent the equipment from rusting. After operation, the entire machine must be thoroughly cleaned to remove salt and grease or lubricating oil should be added wherever necessary, so as to avoid corrosion.
(4) work in the dusty area
1) check and clean the air filter regularly and replace it if necessary.
2) check the water quality of the water tank frequently and shorten the time interval between the cleaning tanks, so as to prevent internal blockage of impurities and affect the heat dissipation of the engine and the hydraulic system.
3) be careful when adding diesel oil, do not mix impurities into diesel oil, and check the diesel filter element at the appropriate time, and replace it if necessary.
4) the motor and generator should be cleaned and cleaned at the right time to avoid accumulation of dust.
(5) work in the cold winter
When the temperature is particularly low, the viscosity of various oils increases, and the engine starts to become difficult. And if the coolant freezes, it will damage the engine and the water tank.
1) replace diesel, lubricating oil and hydraulic oil with low viscosity.
2) when using machinery in cold winter, the proportion of antifreeze in the cooling system should be the lowest temperature. The use of methanol, ethanol or propanol based antifreeze is prohibited. Water repellant must be avoided when used alone or in combination with antifreeze. It is not possible to mix an antifreeze with another brand of antifreeze. For permanent antifreeze, there is no need to replace it in a year. If there is no permanent antifreeze, only non - corrosive glycol antifreeze will be allowed in winter. In this case, the cooling system should be cleaned 2 times a year (in spring or autumn), with antifreeze in autumn only, and no antifreeze in spring.
3) when the temperature is reduced, the battery charging capacity will be reduced and ice can be frozen. The battery should be covered or removed from the machine, put in the warm place, and reinstalled before the second day operation. If it is found that the electrolyte level of the battery is too low, it should add distilled water before the morning of the second day, and do not add water after completion of the day to prevent freezing at night.
4) in order to prevent the machine from moving on the second day morning because of the ice and water, the mud and water on the body must be thoroughly removed, and the mud or dirt will be avoided with the water dripping into the seal ring, and the sealing device will be damaged.
5) shrink the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder back to the hydraulic cylinder to avoid sticking mud and water on the piston rod and damage the sealing ring of the hydraulic cylinder.
6) stop the machine on a hard, dry ground. If there is no condition, the machine can be stopped on board for second days.
7) open the drain valve and release the water gathered in the fuel system to prevent freezing.
8) after the machine works in the mud water, the mud water on the car must be removed by the following method: the engine runs at low speed, turns the upper device to 90 degrees, turns the working device to the side of the crawler, slowly presses the working device to the ground, makes the crawler floating gently, makes the crawler empty, clears the mud above and the other side Caterpillar also press this The law clears the mud.
9) because electrical equipment is especially sensitive to water vapor, it is necessary to avoid contact with water vapor when washing vehicles or experiencing rain or snow. Since electrical components such as controller and monitor are installed in the cab, snow water must not be allowed to intruded into the cab.
